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1、课后Unit 11Has the importance of technology been stressed over that of the humanities at a time when perhaps the converse should be ture?在一个也许更需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，是否相反过分强调了技术的重要性？2Thus the art of architecture and its decorationthe post-office mural or the restored Williamsburg are forced on millions who,
2、 left to themselves, might live in a cave or a tent.于是，建筑及其装饰艺术，如邮局墙面上的壁饰或是复原的威廉斯堡，强加给了成百上千万人，如果任其自然，这些人就会生活在洞穴或帐篷里面。3On the surface, these uses appear more individual than social, more self-indulgent than altruistic.从表面上来看，这些用途是个人的而不是社会的，是自我陶醉而不是利他主义。4We may acknowledge the desirability of devoting
3、 human energies to killing viruses and improving our neighbors; but it does not follow that all rewards and research funds should go to projects for the immediate relief of pain and sorrow .我们可以赞赏把人类精力投入到杀死病毒并改善我们邻里环境的愿望，但是这并不意味着所有的奖赏和研究基金都应该分配给旨在立即消除疼痛和悲伤的项目上去。5Theres no end to the silly, scholarly
4、 interest that actual, living modern, scientific, respectable American citizens will take up rather than do an honest days work clearing slums and keeping down divorce.当代现实中活生生的、懂科学、令人尊敬的美国公民宁愿继续这种永无止境的愚蠢的学者兴趣而不愿意实实在在地干好一天工作，打扫打扫贫民窟，降低居高不下的离婚率。6The practical man it seems, has been too busy spinning
5、dreams of medical and behavioral betterment to bring his opinion in line with his practice.而那些务实的人好像一直忙于编织医学和行为进步的梦想，而无法做到言行一致。7They are poor in means, because they have not known how to make out their case on their own grounds.它们不善于使用手段，因为它们还没有学会如何在自己所熟悉的领域为己一辩。8This filtering of the subject ,man ,
6、through the medium of mind has the effect of keeping always in the foreground the element of novelty of uniqueness ,of astonishing unpredictability.通过精神这一媒介，这种对主题，即人类，的过滤过程产生出这样的效果:让新鲜、独特、根本无法预科的成分总处于最显著的位置。Unit 31The reason this does not happen is not that we have become hardened to these fantastic
7、 appeals to our passions, but that we have become so groggy ，so passive , so helpless amidst the endless barrage of appeals that “we go about our business”, as we say.之所以没有出现这样的情况，并不是因为我们已经对这种呼唤激情的荒谬做法习以为常，而是因为我们已经在永无止境、铺天盖地的呼唤中变得如此神魂颠倒，如此被动，如此无助， “我们只管自己的事儿。 ”就像我们所说的那样。2The ad was a piece of abstra
8、ct art, of unabashed symbolism, such as is reputed to outrage ordinary man when he meets it in an art gallery.广告是一件抽象艺术 , 是不折不扣的象征主义。据说普通人在艺术画廊里看到广告时会怒不可遏。3So powerful is this feature of the huge artificial , pictorialized , neon-lighted environment created by advertising that people have gotten int
9、o the habit of living in that future environment. 广告创造的图文并茂五颜六色的人造环境的阵势如此强大 , 以至于人们都已习惯于生活在广告所宣传的未来世界里。4In fact , as handled by such commercial geniuses as Vollard and Duveen, modern painting has itself become a branch of advertising. 事实上，就像沃拉德和杜维恩这些商界天才所做的那样，现代绘画本身已经变成了广告的一种分支。5Spain is the last Eu
10、ropean country where conversation remains a popular art, and where the peasants, though illiterate, are as a rule so highly cultured that high society and intellectuals imitate their special accents and expressions out of snobbism.西班牙是欧洲依然保留对话这一大众艺术的最后一个国家。在这里，农民虽然没有读过书，但是他们一般很有教养，以至于上流社会的人和知识分子势利地模
11、仿他们独特的口音和表达方法。6Our social culture today is, even at the intellectual level, mainly an affair of advertising; and ads, in turn , represent the main channel of intellectual and artistic effort in the modern world.我们今天的社会文化，甚至是在知识这一层面上，主要是广告的天下；广告反过来又是表现现代世界知识和艺术成就的主要渠道。7Advertising with its appeal to
12、collective emotion , has set up national brands and totems for communal participation.广告能调动起集体情感，为群众参与制定了全国性品牌和图腾。8The important point about ads and fashions can be stated in a word.广告和时尚的根本点可以用一句话来说明，时尚是艺术的大众化取代形式。9With the arrival of the display advertising, a major revolution occurred in the mode
13、rn world.随着图文显示广告的到来，现代世界发生了一场巨大的革命。10That is the least of the matter, for the initial investment is hitched to multimillion dollar production plants and national sales networks. 这还是最低的价格，因为前期投资还包括建设价值数百万美元的生产厂和全国销售网络。Unit 51. For its purposes, any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as
14、significant as our own.就其目的而言，任何社会有关交配和繁殖的规定跟我们自己的一样重要。2. He is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other.人类学家肯定会避免厚此薄彼。3. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what anyone person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matte
15、r how aberrant.事实正好相反，从世界范围来看，传统习俗不管有多么异常，它是一系列细微的行为方式，比任何个人在个体行为中发展的行为方式要复杂得多。4. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community.个人的生活历史首先是适应他的社团中按照传统继承下来的模式和规范的历史。5. Anthropology was by definition im
16、possible as long as these distinctions between ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over peoples minds.只要我们自己与野蛮人，我们自己与异教徒之间的这些区别主宰着人们的头脑，人类学从其定义上来讲是不可能存在的。6. It was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication where we no longer set our own belief over against our neighbors superstition.首先，我们必须练达到不再把自己的信念看得高于我们邻居的迷信。7. Both these battles we may fairly count as won-if not yet, then soon; but the fighting has only ma
