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1、Summary 如何写（I ）说明文的 summary我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例The Problem of Packaging 第一段A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging
2、 includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.第二段Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space
3、, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.第三段People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring com
4、panies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categoriesmetal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to
5、 are cycling company for processing. 第四段The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbi
6、sh, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part.我们先来把每段的大意理一下：第一段的中心应该就是讲 A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. 后面的牙膏的情况只是举例说明咯。第二段呢？讲了两层意思，一层：垃圾进入填埋场后造成污染；二层：这些包装材料生产过程中，会产生对空气和水的污染。第三段： 中心句很清晰啊 People are now trying to solve the p
7、roblems caused by packaging materials. 后面的德国的事情也是举例子，政府啊，制造商啊，个人啊，采取什么措施来试图解决包装材料带来的污染问题。最后一段了：尽管德国的方法起到了一定的作用，但，又有些人开始神兜兜起来了。包装材料的污染仍是个大问题啊，我们不能放弃警惕。说明文概要模板a. 现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon -（主题), which .（补充解释）.b. 利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and
8、B. Awhile BThe passage discusses the impact of sth. On the positive side, but it may also.c. 研究显示类：The study reveals thatThe purpose of the report is to show thatSummary:The article points out the problem of packaging. About one third of rubbish results from the packaging materials, which cause dama
9、ge to the environment during their production and after ending in landfills. Though the programs carried out to combat the problem are temporarily successful, the problem remains a great concern. (50 words)Summary 如何写（II）A driving goal for most websites is for that site to be easily found by people
10、looking for the products or services. One of the ways people may find these sites is via a search engine. With this in mind, companies obviously want their websites to appeal to search engines as well. (第一段文字讲网站要让搜索引擎喜欢，那预测下，接下来的文字可能会是， 该怎么让搜索引擎喜欢呢？有什么要注意的要素呢？)First of all, website content should be
11、 unique and timely. （第一句话是主题句，网站内容要独特新颖且及时）Only quality content ensures that customers will frequent your website and also recommend it to friends via links or through social channels. This act of sharing not only gives your site more chances of public exposure but it also helps to push up your sear
12、ch engine rankings, which extends huge psychological implication to other engine users as people tend to follow suit. Now famous search engines such as Google use mobile friendliness as a ranking signal（这个词出现了，后面几段文字都是在讲搜索引擎会关注的 ranking signal啊，这个词在 summary 中必须出现啊） in their ranking algorithm(算法). Th
13、erefore, if your site is not applicable for mobile devices, you are offering a less than ideal experience to some users and in result search engines will take the disadvantage into account.（这段文字的主要词眼是 mobile friendliness）Another key ranking signal that Google and other search engines weigh heavily i
14、s page speed and overall site performance.(又是主题句，关键词是 page speed 和overall site performance)If your site is loaded with too many high-resolution images and videos or other elements, much viewing time will be caused. These will make sluggish, slow loading that frustrate and often drive away visitors.
15、Its time to reduce the page size as all the visitors appreciate faster download. Some are even willing to trade better visual experiences for high viewing speed. As user preference stands on top of any search engines list of priority, search engines will look very favorably upon the speed improvemen
16、ts of the websites.In addition, for a hot website, appropriate update frequency is also vital.(又是主题句，词眼是 update frequency) Although the content is current and up to date when it is first launched, it will soon lose its freshness with the explosion of other various online resources. If the content on your websites has appeared on other sites before, your website is sooner or later to be deserted because of humans nature of having a low boredom threshold
