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1、龙文教育 英语 学科导学案（第 次课）教师: 万 生 学生: 史星柔 年级: 高二 日期: 星期: 时段: 课 题 Infinitive 和 V-ing学情分析 1，学生学习态度良好。 2，需要加强基础，拓展练习。 教学目标与考点分析教学目标：掌握非谓语动词：不定式和动名词的用法.考点分析：常见省略 to 的不定式，动名词与现在分词.教学重点 句子结构分析，主动与被动+教学方法 导入法、讲授法、归纳总结法学习内容与过程一、概念及构成不定式由“to+动词原形 ”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形 ”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可
2、作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、表语、定语和独立成分，但不能单独作谓语。二、动词不定式的句法功能1. 作主语To read English every day is necessary. （不定式 to read English every day 做主语）动词不定式做主语时，为了句子平衡，通常用 it 做形式主语，而把不定式放在谓语之后。例如：It is necessary to read English every day.It is a good idea to go for a picnic today.2. 作宾语 I want to see a film. （不定式 to see a f
3、ilm 做宾语）不定式做宾语时，若还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式放在补足语后，用 it 做形式宾语。例如：He find it difficult to learn Chinese.We think it important to master a foreign language.3. 作宾语补足语He invited me to give a speech on Chinese history. （不定式 to give a speech on Chinese history 做宾语补足语，补充说明宾语 me）4. 作定语I have a letter to post. (不定式 to p
4、ost 做定语，修饰名词 letter)1)做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：She had only a small room to live in.I need a pen to write with.2) 试比较：Do you have anything to wash? 你有什么要洗吗？（不定式 to wash 的动作执行者是 you）Do you have anything to be washed? 你有什么要（别人）洗吗？（不定式 to wash 的动作执行者是别人，而不是 you）5. 作表语His wish is to become a lawy
5、er. (不定式 to become a lawyer 在连系动词 is 后做表语)6. 作状语1) 表示目的。例如：They worked hard day and night to pay back the debt.2) 表示结果。例如：I hurried to the airport only to find the plane had taken off.3) 表示原因。例如：She felt disappointed to hear the news that she hadnt been promoted.7作独立成分不定式有时用作独立成分，表明说话人的态度，对整个句子进行解释。
6、类似的短语有：to tell you the truth: 实话告诉你 to be frank: 坦率地说to be sure: 的确 to begin with: 起初to be brief: 简言之 to make matters worse: 更糟糕的是to be exact: 精确地说 to conclude: 总之to be honest: 老实说 to sum up: 概括地说to be plain: 老实说吧 To tell you the truth, I forgot all about it. 实话告诉你，这事我全忘了。 To be frank, I didnt agree
7、 with you. 坦率地说，我不同意你的意见。 She is pretty, to be sure, but not perfect. 她的确漂亮，但并非十全十美。 To begin with, he had no money, but later he became quite rich.起初他没有钱，可后来却相当富有。三、不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是在 to 前面加 not，有时表强调也用 never。 She decided not to be late again她决定不再迟到了。 He promised never to make such a stupid mistake他许
8、诺不再犯这样蠢的错误。四、疑问词+不定式不定式常与疑问词 who， which，when ，where ，what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语等。 How to solve the problem is very important(主语) 如何解决这一问题很重要。 He didnt know what to ask(宾语) 他不知道该问些什么。 My question is when to start(表语) 我的问题是何时开始。五、不定式符号 to 的省略。1动词不定式在介词 but，except 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后
9、的不定式常不带 to，否则要带 to。The bus had passed byThey had nothing to do but wait(=They had no choice but to wait.)公交车已经过去了，他们别无选择只能等。I often hear him sing the song.She made me promise to write every day.He is often heard to sing the song.I was made to promise to write every day.He did nothing but point to th
10、e door.2短语 had better，would rather，cannot but，cannot help but，cannot choose but 等之后跟不带 to 的不定式。 They couldnt choose but stay there他们不得不呆在那儿。 He would rather die than give in他宁死不屈。I would rather stay at home.Why not come in?3 “Why (not) do?”结构中不使用不定式符号 to。Why turn off the gas? 为什么要把煤气关掉?4当两个动词不定式由 an
11、d, or, than, rather than, as 或 like 连接同一概念的不定式时，或者它们之间是并列关系时，可将 and 或 or 后面的 to 省去。例如： Id like to go and see a film我想去看电影。 He had to have a job or go hungry他必须有一份工作，否则就得挨饿。Do you want to go skating or see a film?I decided to write rather than phone.但是，有时为了表示对照或加强语气，还是不省略为好。It is easier to say than t
12、o do 说起来容易，做起来难。5用来诠释 do 的含义的不定式作表语可以省去 to。All that I can do is(to)wait我能做的只有等待。The first thing to do is (to) have breakfast第一件要做的事是吃早餐。七、不定式的时态和语态现以动词 do 为例，将不定式的时态和语态列表如下：语态时态 主动 被动一般式 to do to be done进行式 to be doing完成式 to have done to have been done完成进行式 to have been doing1不定式的时态(1) 不定式所表示的动作与谓语动
13、词同时发生或是在谓语动词之后发生，不定式用一般式。 Tell her we shall be delighted to come告诉她我们会很高兴来的。(同时发生) We want to visit an advanced worker 我们想去访问一位先进工作者。(之后发生)(2) 不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词之前，不定式用完成式。Robert is said to have studied abroadbut I dont know what country he studied in据说罗伯特在国外学习过，但我不知道他是在哪个国家学习的。Im sorry to have said that. （动词不定式 t
