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1、第七单元I.学习目的与要求通过本单元的学习，掌握定语从句的翻译方法；了解股市类的专业术语的意义及其翻译。II.教学时间：4 学时III.教学重难点：1. 定语从句的翻译2. 股市专业术语IV.教学内容：Section I TextSection II Method and TechniqueSection III Exercises V教学方法与手段：讲授为主，配以师生互动实训， PPT 等。VI. 教学步骤一、定语从句的翻译(1) （重点）理解：定语从句的意义及划分应用：限定性从句和非限定性从句的翻译限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限制作用，与先行词关系较为密切；非限制性定语从
2、句非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限制作用，只是对它加以叙述，描写或解释，并用逗号与之隔开。定语从句前置译法 后置译法合成译法译成状语从句一主多从式定语从句 定语从句的翻译限制性定语从句往往要译成“的”这种句型的前置定语结构，因为限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系密切，若分开译则会影响主句意思的完整。也有一些非限制性定语从句，或因结构较短，或因与被修饰词关系较为密切，或因拆译后将会造成译文结构松散，在这种情况下也可以译成前置定语结构。前置译法The pressure is also heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job.对于
3、那些只想毕业后找份工作的学生来说, 压力也一样不小。I think we should be worried about the values that are nurturing the new generation.我想我们应该为培育这下一代的价值理念感到担忧。A writers work is a constant struggle to get the right word in the right place, to find that particular word that will convey his meaning exactly, that will persuade t
4、he reader or soothe him or amuse him.作家的使命就是不断地锤炼文字 力求做到用词恰到好处，寻求 能够确切表达意思的词，能够说服、安慰或取悦读者的词语。An eminent American historian, Barbara Tuchman, who has been highly acclaimed for her narrative histories, gained her first significant recognition in 1958.曾以叙事性历史传记闻名的著名美国历史学家，芭芭拉塔奇蔓，在 1958 年首次得到认可。My broth
5、ers laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.我哥哥那富有感染力的 打破了沉默。后置译法在非限制性定语从句中使用得比较普遍。有些限制性定语从句结构相对复杂，译成汉语前置定语则显得过长，而且不符合汉语表达习惯，这种情况下往往也可以译成后置的并列分句，作进一步的连贯叙述。后置译法重复英语关系代词或关系副词所表达的含义，必要时还需要加译一些代词或连词。If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light win
6、d off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”.如果乘火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在那里逗留一两个小时，你也会感觉到从（密歇根）湖那边吹拂过来的阵阵清风，这就是芝加哥之所以叫做“风城” 的缘故。They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us.他们对我们的要求置之不理，这使我们大家都很气愤。省略英语关系代词或关系副词所代表的含义，必要时还需要加译一些代词或连词。In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characteri
7、ze our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend these differences.我希望我们在本周的会谈将会是坦诚的。让我们从一开始就以下几点达成共识：过去的一些时期内我们曾经是敌人。今天我们仍有着巨大的分歧。
8、但我们之所以走到一起，是因为我们有着共同利益，这些利益能够让我们超越这些分歧。将英语关系代词 who 或 which 转译成汉语人称代词或指示代词。I have met children who not only are growing emotionally and intellectually but also are trying to make sense of the world morally. 我接触到一些孩子，他们不但情感和智力方面在发展，也 开始在道德伦理方面感悟世界。把原句中的被修饰词与定语从句合在一起译成一个独立的汉语句子的翻译方法。英语中的 there be 结构就可以
9、采用这种译法来处理。还有一些带有限制性定语从句的英语复合句，如果英语中的主句能够压缩成汉语词组并用做主语，那么定语从句就可以译成谓语结构，从而构成一个独立句。如果主句压缩成汉语词组后用作其它成分，那么定语从句可以译成一个句子。关系代词可灵活处理 。合成译法There was a man who seemed to have the answers, and who was Mr. Robert.有人似乎胸有成竹，他就是罗伯特先生。March is the month God created to show people who dont drink what a hangover is lik
10、e.上帝创造了三月，诣在让那些未曾喝醉过的人们体验沉醉的感觉。The kapok is in blossom that heralds the early spring.木棉盛开，预示着早春的到来。 You compare her with your English women who wolf down three to five meat meals a day; naturally, you find her a sylph (身材苗条的女人) .你们英国女人每天狼吞虎咽地吃三到五餐肉食，你拿她同她们(英国女人)比，当然觉得她是个苗条仙女了。有些定语从句从形式上看是定语，但在意义上与主句
11、有着逻辑状语关系，起着主句的原因，结果，目的，条件，让步等状语的作用，翻译时应该按照其语法功能，译成汉语各种相应的复句。译成状语从句The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。 （原因状语）There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong will-power.只要有坚强的意志力，就没有什么坏习惯不能改掉。 （条件状语）The news
12、woman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to that shipwreck.这位女记者想写篇文章，以便能够引起公众对那起沉船事件的注意。 （目的状语）You would have to be careful not to offend the boss, who would give you the sack at any time.你得小心谨慎，不能得罪老板，因为老板随时可以炒你的鱿鱼。 （原因状语） 一主多从式定语从句一主多从式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。该结构中的定
13、语从句一般都较规范，均修饰一个先行词，在翻译时，虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法，但同时也要注意其独特之处。Consequently the manor（庄园） was a self-sufficient village that was worked by serfs who were not free to leave, and who with their labor supported a hierarchy of lay and clerical lords. 因而，庄园是靠农奴经营的自给自足的村庄；农奴不能随便离开，并以其劳动养活封建教俗集团。 （一个并列句）译成定语接力式顺
14、译The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Tom, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.厨子的脸色变得苍白，要女仆把门关上，女仆叫汤姆去关，汤姆又叫补锅匠去关，而补锅匠却装做没听见。先综合后分译Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined
15、 through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost, and lime which can be obtained from the calcinations of limestone widely present in nature.塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是取之不尽到处可得的自然资源；煤是用自动化和机械化的方法开采的，成本较低；而石灰是由煅烧自然界广泛存在的石灰石得来的。课文例句But for a stock, it is an ownership certificate, which means that the buy
16、er has become one of the members in possession of the corporation (issuer)s properties and his share is equal to the face value of the stock he has purchased.而股票则是一种所有权凭证，证明股票购买人已成为拥有公司财产者的股东之一，其占有的份额与其出资购买的股票面值相等。 For a bond, it is establishing a debtor-creditor relationship between the issuer, who should pay on time the bond principal and interest, and the buyers, who will receive such repay
