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1、11 议论文类作文指导 体裁解读议论文体对事件作出点评，表达观点，是日常语言表达的种常见形式. 对于习作面言财常以议论文的形式为其载体。热点就是日常生活中些有争议的话题， 学生围绕这些话随用述自己的观点。常见的话题往往涉及学习生活、环保、未来规划等，例如:是否要使用塑料包装袋，是否要参加课外培训课程，是否需要进步发展共享单车系统等。 这些议论都需要有明确的观点，充分的依据，严谨的谋篇布局。对热点话题、事件的评析是在事例引述、数据分析、事实佐证的基础上进行的说理。不同于纯粹的记叙文描写， 以事抒情，侧重描写，不同于应用文强调功能性和实用价值，也不同于说明文的以文解惑，阐述事物本质的特点，热点评论
2、类的文章往往夹叙夹议，在描写的基础上，还要有一-定篇幅的议论，表达主张、发表意见，其过程强调逻辑的严密性，要求语言精练、论证合理。在评论中，要有论点、论据和论证三个组成部分。- -般建议在引人部分Assertion part)简述材料，并提出一个明确的中心论点:而后按照作文要求，在铺陈论述部分(Exposition part就自己提出的中心论点辅以具体的论据进行说明;最后在结尾处(Conclusion par)再次重申论点提出的合理性，或给予进步的建议、 设想。初中阶段，议论文般以“利与弊”.“赞成与反对”:“是与非”、“建议推荐”等主题眼开。在我们议论文写作时，以下几点需要牢记在心:1.人称
3、。议论文，是要自己为自己的某个观点辩护，或者提出自己的看法，因此一般都是使用第一.人称“I”。2.分段。议论文定要分段书写， 根据议论文的组成要素，我们一般都是按其要素划分成三段，这样可以使文章的结构更加清晰。3逻辑词的使用。议论文很大的特点就是强调逻辑性。因此，我们要通度使用逻辑词、连词等，使我们的文章前后紧密相连，环环相扣。相关话题写作素材必备词组开始，首先to begin with ，at the very beginning更近一步讲，另外moreover, further more, additionally, besides所以：therefore，as a result,转折：m
4、eans while，however，nevertheless，notwithstanding表示各种连接关系的短语1) 先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously; simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing.；since then；first of all；afterwards后来; following this; preceding先前的2) 因果关系：b
5、ecause；because of this；being that；another important factorreason of. ；since；as；for；in that.；owing to由于；due to由于；for the reason that.；in view of鉴于；the reason seems to be obvious; there are about. ；for this reason; as a result of this；therefore；.and so.；consequently；as a result；thus这样，如此，因而；hence 因此；s
6、o；so that.；in consequence结果，结果；as a consequence；accordingly 因此，于是; inevitably必然的; under these conditions; thereupon于是as a consequence 因此3) 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of不顾；despite that；in spite of that；regardless of不顾; yet.；and yet；but unless.4) 并列关系：and; also
7、；too；as well as；either.，or.；both.and.5) (补充)递进关系：furthermore；moreover而且，此外；further；In this way ；still；not only.but also.；not.but.；in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically更具体地说, next, besides；as far as. is concerned至于; moreover此外；in other words；along this line of consid
8、eration；on (the) one hand.在一方面，on the other hand.；even；as a saying goes.；in order to do it.; meanwhile同时；at the same time；accordingly因此；In the first place.，in the second place.;equally important; of even greater appeal.6) 比较关系：similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared
9、 with；when in fact.; like.；likewise；similarly important；apart from (doing).； . rather than.，by doing so ；bothand.; in the same way; not only.but (also).7) 对照(不同点)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding虽然，尽管; rather当然，的确，宁愿，相当; neither . nor; although; though; but; however; something is just th
10、e otherway around；yet; conversely相反的；unlike；opposed to; as opposed to this与不同；in contrast (to)；by way of；on the contrary；different from this；nevertheless然而，不过，虽然如此; contrary to；whereas但是，鉴于；while；but on the other hand8) 举例关系:for example；for instance例如；in this case既然假若这样; namely也就是换句话说；as you know；yo
11、u may assay；as he explains；like；such as；a case in point is一个恰当的例子是.; consider.；in particular尤其特别；including.；for one thing.首先，for another.；put it simply；stated roughly；as an illustration，I will say.；a good example (of.)would be.；to detail this，I would like to.；It is interesting to note that.；in this
12、situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)；as for; as regards；as to；according to; on this occasion.9) 强调关系：in fact; especially；particularly；moreover(此外)；naturally; what is more important；in reality；certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention.；believe it or not；
13、undeniably(无可置疑); other thing being equal；it is certainsure that.；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only. but(also.), both. and.10) 条件关系: if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is th
14、e case；in this sense；once (i)possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.11) 归纳总结类：in a word / in sum / in shortin brief / in conclusion / in summarytherefore因此，所以/ hence因此，今后to sum up / to concludethe conclusion can be drawn thatfor this reason / on the whole12) 地点关系：beyond; opposite to; ad
15、jacent邻近to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.13) 目的关系：with this object无证; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account由于.缘故; in case万一; with
16、 a view to考虑到; for the same reason.14) 重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.15) 结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently(因此); hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only.but (also.); so.
