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1、备战2021高考英语阅读之说明文（四）（A） Self-driving cars are just around the corner. Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful. They also could cut down on traffic, reduce pollution and limit accidents. But how should driverless cars handle emergencies (突发情况)? People disagre
2、e on the answer. And that might put the brakes on this technology, a new study concludes.To understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road. Even with braking, its too late to avoid a crash. So the cars artificial intelligence must decide whether to swerve (急
3、转弯). To save the pedestrians, should the car swerve off the road or swerve into oncoming traffic? What if such options would likely kill the cars passengers?Researchers used online surveys to study peoples attitudes about such situations with driverless cars. Survey participants mostly agreed that d
4、riverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls (or otherwise sacrificing their passengers) to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a hitch (困境). Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costseven if t
5、he pedestrians would now end up dying. Jean Bonnefon is a psychologist at the Toulouse School of Economics in France. He and his colleagues reported their findings in Science.“Autonomous cars can completely change transportation”, says study coauthor Iyad Rahwan. But, he adds, this new technology cr
6、eates a moral dilemma (道德两难) that could slow its acceptance.Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot, Bonnefons group warns. Most buyers would want their car to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people. However, regulations might one day instruct that cars must act for the gr
7、eater good. That would mean saving the most people. But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers. If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.Compromises might be possible, Kurt Gray says. He is a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. He thinks
8、that even if all driverless cars are programmed to protect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they “wont speed, wont drive drunk and wont text while driving, which would be a win for society.”1The
9、underlined word “challenge” in paragraph 2 refers to_.Apeoples negative attitudes towards self-driving carsBhow self-driving cars reduce traffic accidentsCthe technical problems that self-driving cars haveDhow self-driving cars handle emergencies2According to the text, online surveys show that_.Asel
10、f-driving cars artificial intelligence needs improvementBthe busy traffic may be a problem for self-driving carsCpeople are in a moral dilemma about driverless carsDself-driving cars should be designed to protect drivers3What can we learn from the fifth paragraph?ARegulations are in favour of driver
11、s.BMost people dislike self-driving cars now.CSelf-driving car makers are in a difficult situation.DThe potential benefits of driverless cars are ignored.4What is Kurt Grays attitude toward self-driving cars?AFavorable.BDoubtful.CCritical.DDisapproving.（B） While the arts can t stop the COVID-19 viru
12、s or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.We often experience works of art as something thats pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creat
13、ive effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(解决）). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in
14、 art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come ou
15、t of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schillers Ode to joy（欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks t
16、o the joy of living together in peace and harmony.Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of differencea oneness of the two opposing forces. The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today s competitive and unce
