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1、高三一轮语法回顾与训练-非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式to do、v.-ing和v.-ed。二、非谓语动词的功能：在句中充当除谓语之外的其他成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等）。注意: 过去分词done 不能充当主语和宾语；having (been) done不能作主语或定语。三、非谓语动词的含义：1. to do 表“为了做”、“结果（常指意料外的结果）”时，常做目的状语和结果状语；表“要去”、“将要”时，常做定语或表语等。2. doing 带有“主动”或“正在 / 一直进行中”的含义；表情绪的v.-ing常表“令人感到”的含义。3. d
2、one 带有“被动”或“已经完成”的含义；表情绪的v.-ed常表“感到”的含义。考点归纳一、不定式to do与v.-ing作主语除固定句型外，v.-ing作主语和不定式to do作主语无重大区别，只是侧重点有所不同。v.-ing常表示泛指的、一般的行为；不定式to do常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。Sometimes shopping from one location to another makes you wait in line.（泛指一般的、通常的行为）It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and cle
3、an the water. （特指一次具体行为）常考固定句型：（1）Its no use / good / fun / pleasure doing sth.Its no use complaining that you dont have an opportunity to land an ideal job.（2）Its +adj. + (for / of sb.) + to do sth.能搭配of或者for的形容词有哪些？归纳如下，请牢记！Its kind / brave / polite / careless / honest / clever of you to do=You ar
4、e kind / brave / polite / careless / honest / clever to doIts important / difficult / necessary / easy for you to do（不能说You are important / difficult / necessary / easy to do）Its brave of you to rescue the child from the burning house. Its difficult for me to handle the problem.二、不定式to do与v.-ing作宾语1
5、. 常接不定式作宾语的动词，即afford / agreeto do sth，（请重点记忆）：afford, agree, aim, bother, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, intend, manage, offer, pretend, refuse, threatenI cannot afford to pay such a price.We decided not to go out because of the weather.2. 常接v.-ing作宾语的动词（短语），即admit / advisedoing sth，请重点记忆：a
6、dmit, advise, appreciate, avoid, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practice / practise, quit, risk, resist, stand, suggest, tolerate, feel like, cannot help / resist, be busy, be worthThey couldnt help / resist laughing when they heard the joke. 他们听到这个笑话不禁大笑起来。The movie is worth wat
7、ching.3. 部分动词后即可接不定式也可接v.-ing作宾语，但意思有很大差别： remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做）remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做） forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做）forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做）regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做） try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事mean to do sth. 计划做某事mean doing sth. 意味着
8、做某事cant help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情4. 一些动词后即可接不定式也可接v.-ing作宾语，意义基本无差异。如：begin doing / to do, start doing / to do, like doing / to do, continue doing / to do等。I like reading / to r
9、ead English novels.5. 常考考点：pretend to do (假装要做)；pretend to be doing (假装正在做)；pretend to have done (假装做了)happen to do (碰巧要做)；happen to be doing (碰巧正在做)； happen to have done (碰巧做了)seem / appear to do（似乎要做）/ to be doing（似乎正在做）/ to have done（似乎做了）As many people do, you often pretend to be working when /
10、while actually you are just wasting time online.三、不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作表语1. 不定式、v.-ing作表语无本质区别，一般可以互换。My hobby is collecting / to collect ancient coins.2. v.-ing和v.-ed作表语相当于形容词，但要注意二者的区别：v.-ed表“感到”，一般修饰人；v.-ing表“令人”，一般修饰物。 I am confused with this confusing question.She was really frightened because the
11、news is frightening.3. 常考考点：sth remains to be done （某事）有待做It still remains to be seen whether the differences appear to cause big problems.四、不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作定语1. 不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或通常发生的某一动作。He is always the first to come and the last to leave.2. v.-ing做定语，常常表示主动或正在进行的动作。The travel company in
12、 Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. The building being built now is our stadium.3. v.-ed作定语表示被动、或完成的意义。The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quality problems.4. v.-ed和v.-ing作定语相当于形容词的区别：v.-ed表“
13、感到”；v.-ing表“令人”。an interesting movie 一部有趣的电影a frightened girl一个害怕的女孩但v.-ed可用在表示情绪的词语中，需特别记忆：a puzzled expression困惑的表情a determined look一个坚定的眼神an excited scream激动的尖叫声a satisfied smile满意的微笑After hearing the frightening news, she let out a frightened cry.5. 比较下列不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作定语并表示被动的区别The problem to
14、be discussed at the next meeting is of great significance. 下次会议上将要讨论的问题很重要。（不定式做定语 = The problem which is to be discussed at the next meeting is）The problem being discussed at the meeting is of great significance. 正在会议上讨论的问题很重要。（v.-ing做定语 = The problem which is being discussed at the meeting is）The
15、problem discussed at the meeting yesterday was of great significance. 昨天会议上讨论的问题很重要。（v.-ed做定语 = The problem which was discussed at the meeting yesterday was）五、不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作宾语补足语1. 多数动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语：如ask, tell, want, wish, order, instruct, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等，即 ask sb. (not) to do等结构。其被动结构为：sb be asked (not) to do sth.My reply made him smile, and he asked me to write an essay on that subject.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.2. 部分动词后需使用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，如感官动词see, watch, hea
