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1、 www.pedu.love连词与状语从句知识梳理知识梳理知识点 1：一、连词含义连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。二、具体用法1. 并列连词1）.并列连词的功能：连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。即，连接两个平行的成分或句子。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, (and)then 等等。2）.并列连词的用法：表示连接两个共同概念and 和
2、or1)并列结构中，or 通常用于否定句，and 用于肯定句。2)但有时 and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：There is no air or water in the moon.There is no air and no water on the moon.在否定中并列结构用 or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。 www.pedu.lovebothand 两者都 (两者都强调，谓语动词为复数)not onlybut (also),不但而且 (强调后者，就近原则)注意：not only but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词 not
3、 而必须倒装。Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.neithernor 意思为既不也不 (就近原则)Neither you nor he is to blame. as well as 也 (强调前者，就远原则)The students as well as their class teacher like watching football matches very much.I have one of his plays as well as a few of his novels.表
4、示选择的并列结构 1) or 意思为否则。I must work hard, or Ill fail in the exam.2) eitheror 意思为或者或者。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。Either you or I am right.表示转折或对比1) but 表示转折，while 表示对比。some people love cats, while others hate them. www.pedu.love2) notbut 意思为不是而是not 和 but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bo
5、nes) of a human being.表示因果关系1) forfor 是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。2) so, thereforeHe hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game.备注：a.两个并列连词不能连用，但 therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldnt play in the game.b
6、. although yet，但 although 不与 but 连用。(错)Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work.(对)Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work. 比较 so 和 such其规律由 so 与 such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词 many，few，much， little 连用，形成固定搭配。 www.pedu.love2 从属连
7、词1).引导宾语从句的从属连词有三个：that (无词义，可省略)；whether (是否)，可与“or (not) ”连用；if(是否)。它们在从句中都不作成分。在ask,wonder,not know,want to know,not be sure 等后常用 whether 或 if 从句，而不用that 从句。2.引导状语从句的从属连词：从句种类 主要从属连词时间从句 when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever条件从句 if, unless 目的从句 in order that, so that 结果从句 sothat,
8、suchthat, so that, so原因从句 because, as, since, for让步从句 although, though, even though(if), while方式从句 as if, as though地点从句 where, wherever比较从句 than, as常用连词的用法辨析1 while, when, as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。 www.pedu.love1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。最常用的是 when 可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：When I was walking down the stre
9、et I noticed a police car.2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是 while。例如：While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.3) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边一边”时，最常用 as。例如：Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.She looked behind from time to time as she went4) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用 when。例如：When he finished his work,
10、he took a short rest.5) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用 when。例如：When John arrived I was cooking lunch.2.because, since , for, as这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用 because。因此，because 引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：I stayed at home because it rained.-Why arent you going?-Because I dont want to.2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就
11、用 as 或 since=now that(既然，由于)。Since 比 as 稍微正式一点。As 和 since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As he wasnt ready, we left without him.Since I have no money, I cant buy any food.3) for 用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for 引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For 引导的 www.pedu.love句子不放在句子的开头。例如：I decided to stop and have lunch-for I was feeling quite hungry.3.i
12、f, whetherif 和 whether 都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.I dont know whether (if) he likes that film.在下列情况下，只能用 whether,不能用 if：1) 引导主语从句时。例如：Whether he will come to the party is unknown. 2) 引导表语从句时。例如：The question is whether I can pass the exam.3) 在不定式前。例
13、如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.4.sothat, such.that1) sothat 中的 so 是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而 such.that 中的 such 是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在名词之前有 many, much, little, few 时，用 so,不用 such。例如：He has so littl
14、e education that he is unable to get a job.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.5.eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also www.pedu.love这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：Either you or he is wrong.Neither he nor his children like fish.Not only the teacher but also th
15、e students want to buy the book.6.although, but这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.7.because, so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John was
16、 ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或 John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.知识点 2：状语从句概念：用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。状语从句的分类 www.pedu.love1.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition) 2.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time) 3.目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose) 4.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result
