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1、被动语态的构成与用法英 语 的 语 态 有 主 动 语 态 和 被 动 语 态 两 种 。 决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，也就是说它们是主动关系，此时动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，也就是说它们是被动关系，此时动词则用被动语态。英语的被 动 语 态 由 “助 动 词 be 过 去 分 词 ”构 成 ， 其 中 be 有 时 态 、 人 称 和 数 的 变 化 。English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。The children are not allowed (permitted) to p
2、lay on the grass. 孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。九种时态的被动语态被动语态的用法在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况不知道动作的执行者是谁 The watch is made in China.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁 More trees should be planted every year.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.句子的主语是动作的承受者 Many house were washed away by the flood.特殊句型变被动语
3、态1)谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 forShe gave me a book.I was given a book by her.A book was given to me by her.2) 当“动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处去，成为主语补足语。 I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.被动语态的构成各种时态的被
4、动语态Be+过去分词1 一般现在时的被动语态 am / is / are 过去分词 We are given a lot of homework to do. 2 一般过去时的被动语态 was / were 过去分词 They were given a warm send-off3 现在进行时的被动语态 am / is / are +being 过去分词 I think we are being followed. 4 过去进行时的被动语态 was / were +being 过去分词 They told me the case was being investigated 5 现在完成时的被
5、动语态 have / has been 过去分词 The documents have been recovered.6 过去完成时的被动语态 had been 过去分词 He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital. 7 一般将来时的被动语态 will / shall be 过去分词 Check carefully, any mistakes will be caught. 8 过去将来时的被动语态 would / should be 过去分词 He knew he would be punished for it. 9 含情态动词的被动语态 情态动词
6、be 过去分词 You might be asked to speak at the meeting. Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.3)在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。He makes the girl stay at home.The girl is made to stay at home by him.4)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”
7、， “动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。We should speak to old men politely.Old men should be spoken to politely.5)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do 与 things 是动宾关系，与 I 是主谓关系。)Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明 you 不是 post 动作的执行者。)
