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1、第 5 讲 形容词和副词形容词一般在句子中充当定语、表语、补语，有时也充当状语；副词在句子中充当状语修饰动词、形容词、副词、词组和句子，还可充当表语和补语。 初高中衔接相关知识形容词和副词是中学英语学习中的一个重要组成部分，在初中只要熟练掌握形容词与副词的区别以及形容词、副词的比较级和最高级即可。而在高中除此之外，还应掌握两个以上形容词作定语时的排列顺序，考查方式主要是选择题。【名师点睛】形容词的用法1、 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）The fish went bad. （作表语）We ke
2、ep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）2、形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. 3、用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend th
3、e meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. 4、 the形容词表示一类人或物The rich should help the poor.5、当多个的形容词修饰一个名词时应该注意形容词的一般排列顺序。“限定词 一般描绘性形容词 表示大小、长短、高低的形容词 表示形状的形容词 表示年龄、新旧的形容词 表示颜色的形容词 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词 表示物质、材料的形容词 表示用途、类别的形容词 被修饰的名词”例如：his beautiful small round old brown French wooden writing table
4、当然，在实际运用中用如此多的形容词修饰一个名词并不多见。副词的用法1、 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语）When will you be back? （作表语） 2、副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1) 时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always 等。例如：H
5、e often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out 等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He
6、 went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly 构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straigh
7、t, wide 等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, pa
8、rtly 等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?3、副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr. Smith works ver
9、y hard.She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和 be 动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但 enough 作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On
10、 my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.4、部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very 用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而 much 用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much 可以修饰动词，而 very 则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk
11、 much.2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但 too 用于肯定句，either 用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready 一般用于语肯定句，yet 一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4) so, neitherso 和 neither 都可用于倒装句，
12、但 so 表示肯定，neither 表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.5、兼有两种形式的副词1）. close, closelyclose“近” ；closely “仔细地” 。如：He is sitting close to me. / Watch him closely.2）. late, latelylate“晚” ；lately“最近” 。如：You have come too late. / What have you been d
13、oing lately?3）. free, freelyfree“免费” ； freely“无限制地，自由地” 。如：You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. / You may speak freely; say what you like.4）. deep, deeplydeep“深” ，表示空间深度； deeply“深深地” ，常表示感情上的深度。如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. / Even father was deeply moved by the film. 类似的词还
14、有 high 与 highly（high 表示空间高度；highly 表示程度，相当于 much，如：The plane was flying high. / I think highly of your opinion.）以及 wide 与 widely（wide 表示空间宽度； widely“广泛地” ， “在许多地方” ，如：He opened the door wide. / English is widely used in the world.）形容词和副词的比较等级1、 as + 形容词 /副词原级 + as ,和一样; not as/so as ,和不一样.He is as t
15、all as his father.He doesntt study as so hard as his brother. 特殊用法: 1.) 在该结构的两个as之间通常接形容词或副词的原级，但若涉及数量或程度，可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+可数名词复数+as”：Youve made as many mistakes as I have. I havent got as much money as I thought. 2.) 其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)：She is as good a cook as he
16、r mother. 也可说：She is a cook as good as her mother.2、 两 个 人 或 事 物 的 比 较 时 （ 不 一 定 每 一 方 只 有 一 个 人 或 一 个 事 物 ） ， 用 比 较 级 。Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.3、 most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 4、the+形容词比较级+of the two.表示两者间“较的一个”如:Which is the better of the two pianos?Who is the elder of the two br
