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1、孟子道德理想主义思想研究Classified Index CODE 10075 com NO 20090026 A Dissertation for the Degree of M Philosophy Study on Mencius thought of Moral idealism Candidate Wang Ziming Supervisor Prof LiZhengang Academic Degree Applied for Master of Philosophy Specialty Chinese Philosophy University Hebei University
2、Data of Oral examination June 2012 摘 要 摘 要 孟子在中国文化史上被尊称为亚圣是仅次于孔子的儒家大师孟子之学 上承孔圣下启百代在儒家道统中居于继往开来的重要地位孟子从性与天道的 高度发展了道德人学思想提出了一套以性善论为理论基础以天人合德为论证方式 以内圣外王为实践途径以君子圣人为人格思想的道德人本主义人学理论将孔子的人 道观发展为一套系统的道德人本主义和理想主义学说孟子对儒家学派的贡献就在于他 在人类的思想史上第一次发明并系统地阐述了道德理想主义思想揭示人类道德理性之 自觉孟子不仅继承捍卫了孔子学说而且随着时代的发展经权有度发展了孔子的 道德人学他对王道
3、理想的诠释对圣人标准的修订对民贵君轻的议论对天爵人爵 的分析对士群体客观价值与主体人格的强调较之孔子道德人学的中庸特色 显露了更多的平民性和进步性本文主要阐述其道德人本主义和理想主义第一次昭示 了人类对道德理性之自觉孟子认为道德是人之为人的本质特征也是人区别于禽兽 的本质所在道德实践本于天道之所必然和人道之所当然它具有既内在又超越的绝对 价值一个人实现了道德圆满他便实现了人生的最高理想一个社会如能按照道德 原则去组织和建设这个社会就是最符合人道理念的社会因而是最理想的社会按照 道德原则去修身做人叫做内圣按照人道理念去平治天下即为外王内圣 外王是孟子道德人本主义和道德理想主义的最高境界 本文从孟
4、子的人性论人格论和王道论三个方面着手对其道德人本主 义和理想主义的内在逻辑结构进行探讨和论证第一部分人性论主要是论证孟子的 性善论的发明旨在揭示孟子道德人本主义和理想主义的理论基础以及道德实践的 基本原则第二部分人格论主要论证孟子的理性人格展现孟子对君子的道 德要求圣人风范和圣人境界观和孟子对士的文化使命道德责任要求主要反映 了孟子道德理性主义的内圣之学第三部分王道论主要论证孟子的社会政治 理想揭示了孟子道德人本主义对理想社会蓝图的设计它集中展示了孟子的外王 之道从而全面揭示孟子及孟学在中国文化史上的历史地位和对中国文化的重大影响 关键词 孟子 人性论 人格论 王道论 道德 理想主义 I Ab
5、stract Abstract Mencius is addressed respectfully as Yasheng second to the saint on Chinese history of culture is to be next only to Confucian great master of the Confucian School Open all kinds of generation stay in the important position carrying on the past and opening a way for the future in the
6、 Confucian School Confucian system Mencius has developed morality study of person thought from the perspective of nature and natural law putting forward a set of theory of original goodness of human nature as rationale for the integration of the nature and mans discussion for the practice way of Sai
7、nt internally and king externally for moral humanism humanistic theory of the personality of the gentleman and saint formed a system of moral humanism and ideal socialist theory Mencius contribution to Confucian School lies in his creation and elaboration of the moral ideal socialist thought reveali
8、ng the self-consciousness of human moral reason Mencius not only inherited and defended Confucius theory but also developed Confucius theory of human morality with the development of The Times regularly in right The revision of saints standard the discussion of the more importance of people than the
9、 rulers the analysis of titles of the heaven and the people the emphasis of groups objective value and the human body personality shows more civility and progression comparing Confucius Golden mean This paper mainly discusses the moral humanism and idealism the first human to embody the self-conscio
10、usness of the moral reason Mencius mentioned that morality is the human nature is also different from the essence of the animals Moral practices the will of Heaven way and the definite of the human way and it has both internal transcendental absolute values One who realizes the moral perfection and
11、he achieved the II Abstract highest ideal of life a society goes as the principle to organization and construction the society is most with humanitarian idea of the society So it is the most ideal society According to the moral principles to cultivate ones morality called internal saints According t
12、o the humanitarian idea to rule to the world is outside the king Inside the saint outside the king is the highest state of moral and ethical humanism of Mencius Mencius discussed and investigated the moral humanism and idealism internal logical structure from human nature personality ethics and the
13、kingly way theory three aspects The first part of the human nature is arguably the main Mencius creation of the theory of goodness with the aims at revealing Mencius moral humanism and idealistic theory foundation and the the basic principles of the moral practice The second part of personality ethi
14、cs the main argument of the Mencius rational personality shows of gentleman Mencius moral requirements saint style and saint state to view and Mencius cultural mission of scholar moral responsibility requirements Mainly reflects the Mencius moral rationalist internal saints education In the third part of the kingly way theory the main argument of the Mencius social and political ideal reveals the moral huma
