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1、1【知识要点】一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。如：Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主语从句）I dont know what he means.（宾语从句）Im glad that you are here.（宾语从句用在形容词之后）The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（介词宾语从句）That was because he was ill.（表语从句）The news that he got kill
2、ed in the race surprised us all.（同位语从句）二、引导名词性从句的连接词连接词 词义 功能that 无词义 不作成分，只起连接 作用whether/if 是否 不作成分，起连接作用what, which 什么，哪个 作主语、宾语、表语who, whom, whose 谁，谁的 作主语、宾语、定语when, where, how, why 什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么 作状语how many/much 多少 作定语how soon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多长，多么 作状语. . 词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anything tha
3、t 无论什么 作主语、宾语、表语、 定语whosever=anyone whose 无论谁的 作主语、宾语、定语、 表语whichever=anything that 无论哪个 作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who 无论谁 作主语whomever=anyone whom 无论谁 作宾语1.that 引导的从句如果作介词宾语只可用在 except，in，but，besides 等少数介词后。如：I could say nothing but that Im sorry.that 引导的从句可作 it 的同位语从句。如：You may depend upon it that
4、 all the goods will be delivered in time.2.that 引导宾语从句时可省略；引导其他名词性从句时，一般不省略，特别是引导主语从句且位于句首时。如：That the earth is round is true.The fact that he is a thief got around.注意：下面一句中，第一个 that 可省略，第二个 that 不可省略：He said（that） he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.3.whether 与 if 引
5、导名词性从句时的区别。（1）在引导宾语从句时 whether 与 if 可互换，但如果和 or not 连用则只用 whether。如：I dont know whether or not he can stay here longer.（2）如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用 if 而不用 whether 引导。如：2He asked me if I wasnt going there.（3）介词宾语从句只能用 whether 引导。如：Im not interested in whether he is rich.（4）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句一般多用 whether。如：The qu
6、estion is whether you can do it yourself.The question whether he will come here himself isnt decided yet.Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.（5）用 it 作形式主语时，whether 或 if 都可以引导主语从句。如：It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present.5.注意 how long/how soon/how often/how much 的区别。H
7、ow long will he stay here ?他将在这里待多久？How soon can you be ready ?你多久能准备好？How often do you visit her?你多长时间去探望她一次？How much is that dress?那件衣服多少钱？6.当主句谓语动词表示不肯定或怀疑时，宾语从句用 whether/if 引导；表示有把握时用that 引导。如：I doubt whether/if he can win the match.I dont doubt that he can win the match.7.what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区
8、别 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而 that 则不然。如： What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a fact.8.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.（right）That President Jiang will visit our
9、 school next week is said.（wrong）（3）It happens.，It occurs.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（right）That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（wrong）（4）It doesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.（right）Whether he
10、 is wrong or not doesnt matter.（wrong ）（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?（right）3Is that will rain in the evening likely?（wrong）一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.it 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而 it 引导的强
11、调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用 who/whom。如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你没去看那场电影真是遗憾。It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功与否对我没有什么吸引力。2.用 it 作形式主语的结构1)It is 名词从句It is a fact that .事实是It is an honor that.非常荣幸It is common knowledge that.是常识2)it is 形容词从
12、句It is natural that.很自然It is strange that.奇怪的是3)it is 不及物动词从句It seems that.似乎It happened that.碰巧4)it 过去分词从句It is reported that.据报道It has been proved that.已证实3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。2)It is said ，(reported).结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：据说江主席下周要来我校视察。It is said that President Jiang will visit our sch
13、ool next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)3)It happens.，It occurs. 结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：他考试没及格。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)4)It doesnt matter how/whether .结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：
14、他是不是错了，这一点不重要。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.(wrong)5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：傍晚有可能下雨吗？Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4.what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，
15、如主语、宾语、表语，而 that 则不然。4如：What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天说的是对的。 二、宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语1)由 that 引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,如：I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。2)由 what，whether (if)引导的宾语从句，如：She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。如：She told
16、me that she would accept my invitation. 她跟我说她愿意接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语，如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们的合作情况。3.作形容词的宾语，如：I am afraid (that)Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕是犯错了。that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced ，determined，glad ，proud ，surpr
