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1、2018 届高考语法专项定语从句1who,whom 和 whose 引导的定语从句(1)who 或 whom 均可指代人， 但 who 在从句中作主语或宾语， whom 在从句中作宾语； 两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用 that 替换。 作主语时， who/that 不可省略； 作宾语时， whom/who/that 可以省略。 Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与好几位去年
2、在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 I have many friends to whom Im going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.我想与你讨论的人是屠呦呦，2015 年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的人。(2)whose 表所属关系， 一般指人，也可指物， 在从句中作定语。 指物时相当于 of which
3、; 指人时相当于 of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students , is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生， 放假时商店关门。 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.汤姆是想出解决方法的唯一工程师。 2that,which 引导的定语从句(1)which 指物， 在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语
4、，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可， 在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语， 作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。(2)限制性定语从句中， 关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的情况： 先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one 等时。I re
5、fuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 先行词是形容词最高级或序数词， 或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some，
6、 all 等修饰时。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (3)关系词只用 which 而不用 that 的情况：关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。The boy was awa
7、y from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。当从句中的介词提前， 构成“介词关系代词” 结构时。 We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。 3as 引导的定语从句(1)as 可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same先行词as”结构中。Such machines as a
8、re used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 which 引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。(安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.莫言被授予 2012 年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。 (2)as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句， 定语从句说明整个句子， 可放
9、在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper 等。She has been absent for the meeting again, as is expected.她又缺席会议了，这在预料之中。典例 (2015全国卷语法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for touri
10、sts seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. that/which解析： 先行词为 waters，且引导词在从句中作主 语，故填 that/which。单句语法填空1(2015陕西高考)A salesman _ is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment.who解析： 关系词代替先行词 s
11、alesman 在定语从句中作主 语，所以用关系词 who 引导定语从句，表示“不能守时的销售者” 。2(全国卷)Maybe you have a habit _is driving your family crazy.that/which解析： 先行词是 a habit，引导词在定语 从句中作主语，故填 that 或which。3(2017福建龙岩质检)Tibet is such a place_ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.as解析：句意：西藏是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。定语从句的先行词为 a
12、place， 其前有 such 修饰，应 用关系代词 as 引导。4(2016江苏高考单项填空)Many young people, most of _ were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.whom解析： 句意：很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为 young people，指人，在定语从句中作介 词 of 的宾语，故答案为whom。5(2015四川高考单项填空)The books on the desk，_ covers are shiny，are pr
13、izes for us.whose解析： 句意：桌子上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。该句的主句是“The books are prizes for us.”。此 处 whose 引导的定语从句修饰限定先行词 books；“封面(covers)”是那些 书的，因此要用 whose 表示所属关系；此 处的 whose covers 等于 the covers of which。1where 引导的定语从句where 表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词 in/at/onwhich” 。(2015北京高考单项填空)Opposite is St.Pauls Church，where y
14、ou can hear some lovely music.Opposite is St.Pauls Church，in which you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。当先行词为 situation, case, stage, point，activity, atmosphere 等抽象名词， 且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、 阶段等时， 常用关系副 词 where 引导。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each ot
15、her.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 2when 引导的定语从句when 表示时间， 在定语从句中作时间状语， 相当于“介词in/at/on/duringwhich ” 结构。(湖南高考单项填空)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我正期盼着那一天的到来， 那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。 3why 引导的定语从句why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于 “介词 forwhich”结构。Do you know the
16、 reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？ (1)选择关系代词或关系副词的原则：在选择关系词时，最重要的是分析定 语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语，必须用关系代词；若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语，必须用关系副词。 This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year.(关系词在从句中作宾语)I will never forget the day when my father returned from America.(关系词在从句中作状语)(2)当 way
