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1、高考英语阅读理解专项训练 细节理解题高考英语阅读理解专项训练 细节理解题1、 专题详解概述：怎么考 事实细节理解题考查原文提到的某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问)、语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语境上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。怎么学 平时阅读训练时，注意作者描述人物、物体等细节的常用写作手法与技巧，以及反映句子之间逻辑关系的词，如：because，since，for，as等表
2、示因果关系；after，first，next，later，meantime等表示时间关系；above，below，behind，in front of等表示方位关系；but，on the contrary，on the other hand等表示转折或相对关系；furthermore，whats more等表示递进关系；for instance，for example，such as等表示例证关系。这些表示逻辑关系的词语能为考生解答细节题提供重要的线索，从而为快速、准确地选择答案打下坚实的基础。怎么解 做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对
3、相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。另外，在题干中寻找线索词，并注意题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词。注意线索词在文章中的位置，并标出实词的出处。解答此类题目有时还要注意细读全文，变通理解，多方归纳，综合事实细节选定答案。知识详解考点1直接信息理解类【典例】Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title, a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before
4、trying to interpret the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the authors main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stati
5、ng what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key, is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner. Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph. Each axis will alway
6、s have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures. Q: When used in a graph, a legend is_. A. a guide to the symbols and colorsB. an introduction paragraphC. the main ideaD. the data【解题思路】速读文章, 试找出相关的信息句, 并突出关键词: _【解题技巧】1. “断章取义”寻依据考生要从文段中获得回答细节题的具体信息, 可用“寻读法”, 即画出题干中的关键词语, 然后在文章中找出可能包含所需信息
7、的段落或句子。运用此法时, 应根据文段的结构和写作顺序, 有针对性地寻读, 迅速锁定相关内容。2. 常见命题方式特殊疑问句形式表达: 以when, where, what, which, who, how等疑问词开头引出的问题。 考点2间接信息理解类【典例】From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud,
8、 before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they dont know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs t
9、o rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now Im going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books t
10、his year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, thats enough for me. Also Im not going to ask you what words mean. ”Q: The te
11、acher told his students to read_. A. for enjoymentB. for knowledgeC. for a larger vocabularyD. for higher scores in exams 【解题思路】速读文章, 试找出相关的信息句, 并突出与选项同义的词: _ 【解题技巧】1. “同义互释”定选项间接理解题答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话, 而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。可运用排除法, 将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项提前进行排除。2. 正确选项有以下特征对原句的关键词进行替换。词性或语态有所变化。语言简化。把原文中的复
12、杂语言进行简化。正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达。3. 常见命题方式According to the author/passage. . . The reason. . . is that_. From. . . we can learn_. 考点3数字计算类【典例】Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers. But, acco
13、rding to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as172, 000 a year. The study looke
14、d at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income30, 000 more than the Prime Minister earns. By analyzing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week, 40 of which would usually be paid at a stand
15、ard rate and 79 hours as overtime. After questioning 1, 000 mothers with children under 18, it found that, on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.Q: How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister? A. 30, 000. B. 142, 000. C. 172, 000. D. 202, 000. 【解题思路】速读文章, 试找出相关的数据。_ 【解题技巧】1. “列表推算”得数据关键是要弄清各数据之间的逻辑关系, 选准比较的数据, 弄清单位换算关系, 确定计算方法。先阅读题干, 然后带着题干中的关键词去
