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1、 吉林省养老服务业发展困境研究 摘 要2000 年，我国作为世界第一人口大国正式宣布进入老龄社会，社会各界对养老问题的关注度空前高涨，人口老龄化是我国需要面对的社会现实。吉林省自2003 年进入人口老龄化社会以来，人口老龄化状况有加速趋势，养老服务需求明显提升，这就要求吉林省养老服务业必须加快发展速度，提升发展质量，不断适应和满足养老服务的各种需求。本文以吉林省养老服务业为研究对象，从养老服务业的相关概念与理论出发，通过实证分析，剖析吉林省养老服务业发展问题，根据吉林省经济发展和养老服务业的需求，提出吉林省发展养老服务业的对策建议。总体而言，本文分为四个部分，首先，界定了养老服务业所涵盖的范畴
2、，归纳和总结了相关理论；其次，对西方国家养老服务业发展情况及政策进行了梳理，为吉林省发展养老服务业提供经验；第三，分析吉林省养老服务业发展存在的问题和原因；第四，对吉林省养老服务业发展提出了对策建议。具体内容包括：第 1 章绪论。主要将本文的研究背景、研究的意义、研究的内容和研究方法等交代清楚。第 2 章养老服务业一般分析。明确界定养老服务业所涉及的相关概念，包括人口老龄化理论、马斯洛需求层次理论和福利化理论，为分析吉林省养老服务业发展奠定了良好的基础。第 3 章吉林省养老服务业发展现状及原因分析。本章通过分析吉林省老龄化现状，认为目前吉林省人口老龄化的状况是：人口老龄化超前于社会经济发展水平
3、老年人口规模持续扩大，比重持续上升，人口结构变化加剧了人口老龄化的严峻程度，据此提出吉林省养老服务业发展的紧迫需求。根据人口老龄化状态，吉林省大力促进养老服务业发展，取得了一定成绩。但是，仍存在着诸多问题，具体体现在：机构养老需求高与养老机构入住率低的矛盾；缺少医护型养老机构，养老机构服务模式需创新；养老服务人员严重不足且素质偏低；社区和居家养老服务相对滞后；养老服务管理缺乏规范化和专业化；城镇养老机构多数微利或亏损经营等。第 4 章国外养老服务业发展经验。通过分析英国、瑞典、法国、加拿大等西方发达国家养老服务业成功发展的经验，总结出其中的特点，为发展吉林省养老服务业提供经验借鉴。第 5 章推
4、动吉林省养老服务业发展的对策建议。针对吉林省养老服务业发展的需求和业已取得成功经验，明确吉林省发展养老服务业的总体思路，探索吉林省养老服务业发展和完善的方向及政策措施。本章以持续满足吉林省老年人日益增长的养老服务需要为出发点和落脚点，提出了完善吉林省养老行业发展体系提出相应政策建议：完善养老服务业发展制度建设，强化监督管理、注重政策扶持、统筹发展规划，充分发挥政府的主导作用，积极创造发展环境和条件；通过转变政府职能、创新体制机制、激发社会活力，充分发挥社会力量的主体作用，满足多样化的养老服务需求；通过开放市场准入、规范行业标准、整合社会资源，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，提供更加丰富的
5、养老服务和产品，推动养老服务事业和产业协调发展；统筹规划养老服务体系和设施建，拓宽资金投入渠道；培育发展社会组织，引导社会力量参与养老服务；创新养老模式，推动“医养结合”整合发展；加强养老服务队伍建设，规范养老服务管理等建议，以期对吉林省养老服务业的发展尽微薄之力。关键词：养老服务业；发展；问题；对策AbstractAs the worlds most populous country, China officially entered the aging societyin 2000, causing the community highly concerned about the pens
6、ion issue. Theproblem of aging population has to be faced by us. Since Jilin province has enteredthe aging society in 2003, the demand for pension services has increased significantly,which requires the pension service industry to accelerate the pace of development,improve the quality of development
7、, and constantly adapt to meet the needs ofpension services.From the related concepts and theories of pension services, this paper takes Jilinpension services for study and makes some recommendations about how to improve it,through a combination of empirical and normative analysis. Overall, the pape
8、r isdivided into four parts. First, we define the scope of services covered by the pension,and summarize the relevant theories; Secondly, we collect the western countrysdevelopment status about pension services and related policies to provide someexperience for Jilin; Third, the problems and causes
9、of pension service industry inJilin are analyzed; And fourth, we put forward some suggestions about pensionservice industry in Jilin Province.Chapter 1 is Introduction. It will explain clearly the main research background,significance, research content and research methods.Chapter 2 generally analyz
10、es the problem of pension services. A clear definitionof the concepts involved in the pension services, including population Aging theory,Maslows hierarchy of needs theory and welfare theory for analyzing pension serviceindustry in Jilin Province has laid a good foundation.Chapter 3 analyses the Pen
11、sion Service Industrys situation and problem in Jilin.In the current situation analysis, we found that the aging of population is ahead of thelevel of socio-economic development and the elderly population continues to grow,which urgently requires a development of pension service industry in Jilin. A
12、ccordingto theaging population statues, Jilin Province vigorously promote the development ofpension service industryand has achieved some certain results. However, there are stillmany problems in Jilin Provinces pension service industry, embodying in: the gapbetween high demand and low occupancy in
13、pension institutions; the lack of quantityof health care-typepension institutions and innovations about pension institutionmodels; the serious shortage of high quality pension staffs; community andhome-based care services is lagging behind; the lack of pension service managementstandardization and s
14、pecialization; most urban pension institutions operating profit orloss and so on.Chapter 4 is an overseas of pension service industry experience. By analyzingthe successful development experience of the United Kingdom, Sweden, France,Canada and other Western countrys pension services, we summed up t
15、hecharacteristics which provide experience for the development of Jilin pensionservices.Chapter 5 is about some countermeasures to promote the development of pensionservice industry in Jilin Province. According to the demand for pension serviceindustry in Jilin Province and the success experience, a clear idea of the overalldevelopment of Jilin pension services has been found, while exploring the directionand improving policy measures. This chapter to continue to meet the growing elderlycare services in Jilin Province needs as the starting point and goal, by improving thedevelopment
