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1、 河南融资性担保行业可持续发展困境探究 摘 要自我国实施改革开放政策以来，中小型企业在国民经济中占据了重要地位，但是由于其自身等原因导致我国中小企业一直面临融资难的难题，而融资性担保行业成为了缓解这个难题的一个重要选项。融资担保活动充分降低了银行贷款给中小企业的风险，在信息不对称的情况下既减少了管理成本，又提高了银行的工作效率；同时，融资担保公司增强了中小企业的信用，为他们提供了极大的融资便利以及保证，社会资源得到了优化地配置，社会的融资效率也得到了极大的提升。经过不断的摸索成长，如今的融资担保已经成为了一个初具规模的新兴行业，极大地缓解了河南中小企业融资难的困境。但是由于一些原因，几年之间河
2、南不断出现融资性担保公司破产、公司高层跑路的情况，导致现在整个行业的社会信用度极低，行业难以实现可持续性发展。因此，如何从根本上帮助我省融资性担保行业解决这些问题，为整个行业的可持续发展开辟出一条道路，实现经济效益与社会效益的有机组合，是融资性担保行业需要关注的课题。目前国内对担保行业的研究大多数是针对整个中国来分析的，而且多数分析的是我国担保行业的风险控制和法律监管方面，对于一个地区的融资性担保行业如何可持续发展的理论文献较少，尚没有关于河南省融资性担保行业可持续发展问题的研究文献。本文运用文献归纳演绎法，通过介绍总结了我省融资性担保行业的发展现状和问题，并从政策监管、银行、中小企业和融资性
3、担保行业自身这四个影响融资性担保行业可持续发展因素的角度总结分析了担保公司所出现的各种问题的原因，指出我省由于政策法律不完善、银行与担保行业合作不平等、中小型企业信用不足以及融资性担保公司自身缺乏风险控制能力等因素限制了河南省融资性担保行业的可持续发展，从而提出严管惠税、促进平等合作、加强信用体系建设和专业化、多元化经营融资性担保机构的对策来解决融资性担保行业发展的绊脚石，从而实现行业的可持续发展。关键词：融资性担保行业，风险控制体系，可持续发展ABSTRACTSince the implementation of Chinas reform and opening up policy, sm
4、all and medium enterprises（SMEs） occupy an important position in the national economy, however, SMEs in China have been facingfinancing difficulties for its own reasons, and financing guarantee industry has become an important optionto alleviate these problems. Financing guarantee activities fully r
5、educed the risk of bank loan to SMEs;reduced management cost and increased working efficiency under the circumstance of asymmetricinformation. Meanwhile, financing guarantee companies enhanced the SMEs credit, providing them withgreat deal of financing convenience and insurance, social resources can
6、 be optimally configured and socialfinancing efficiency gain great development.After continuous exploration and growth, todays financing guarantee has become a new industrywhich is beginning to take shape, greatly eased the financing difficulties predicament of SMEs in HenanProvince. However, for so
7、me reasons, guarantee companies going bankrupt and companys executivesdisappearing have been happened continuously in Henan in recent years, which leads the whole industry toa low social credit and hard to realize sustainable development. Therefore, how to help financing guaranteeindustry in Henan s
8、olve the problems fundamentally, open a road for the sustainable development of thewhole industry to realize the combination of economic and social benefits is a subject which the financingguarantee industry needs to focus on.Most of the domestic articles about financing guarantee industry mainly ai
9、ms at China, and mainlyfocus on the risk management system and legal supervision, with less discussion the sustainabledevelopment of guarantee industry of an area and no articles about the sustainable development offinancing guarantee industry in Henan province. This paper takes advantage of literat
10、ure inductivedeductive method, introducing and summarizing the developing situation and problems of Henan financingguarantee industry, and analyzing the reasons of kinds of problems from the respective of four influencingfactors on sustainable development of financing guarantee industry, which inclu
11、des policy supervision,bank, SME and guarantee industry; pointing out that because of the defection in policy and legal system,the unequal cooperation between banks and guarantee industry, the lack of credit of SMEs and the lack ofrisk control ability of financing guarantee organizations that limit
12、the sustainable development of financingguarantee industry in Henan province. In order to come up with strict control on tax benefits, promotion ofequality and cooperation, strengthening the credit system construction and professional, diversified policiesof operating financing guarantee organizatio
13、ns to kick off the stumbling blocks in development of financingguarantee industry, realizing industry sustainable development.KEY WORDS: Financing guarantee industry, Risk control system, Sustainable development目 录摘 要ABSTRACT目 录第一章 绪论1.1 研究背景及意义1.1.1 研究背景1.1.2 选题的意义1.2 国内外研究现状1.2.1 国外研究现状1.2.2 国内研究现
14、状1.3 研究思路和主要内容1.3.1 研究思路1.3.2 主要内容1.4 研究方法和创新及不足之处1.4.1 研究方法1.4.2 创新及不足之处第二章 融资性担保相关理论分析2.1 融资性担保基本含义及作用2.1.1 融资性担保基本含义2.1.2 融资性担保与非融资性担保的区别2.1.3 融资性担保的作用2.2 融资性担保的主要运行模式2.2.1 政策性担保模式2.2.2 互助性担保模式2.2.3 商业性担保模式第三章 河南省融资性担保行业的发展现状3.1 河南省融资性担保行业的发展历程3.1.1 我国融资性担保行业的发展历程3.1.2 河南省融资担保行业的发展历程3.2 河南省融资性担保行
15、业的发展现状3.2.1 融资性担保已经成为新兴行业，实力不断增强3.2.2 担保机构主体由政策性担保机构转向了商业性担保机构3.2.3 融资性担保行业在支持我省中小型企业健康发展方面作用显着3.2.4 行业问题频发，难以实现可持续发展第四章 河南省融资性担保行业可持续发展影响因素分析4.1 政策监管方面4.1.1 政府政策层面4.1.2 监管准入层面4.1.3 行业自律层面4.2 银行方面4.2.1 银行体系缺乏为中小型企业提供贷款的意愿4.2.2 合作主体间的信息不对称性导致信任危机4.2.3 银行业的所有制歧视加剧了融资担保行业风险4.3 中小型企业方面4.4 融资性担保行业自身方面4.4.1 资金放大倍数和担保费率受限，资金补偿机制不完善4.4.2 风险控制体系不健全，缺乏风险分散机制4.4.3 专业人才匮乏，管理制度不健全4.4.4 担保品种单一，业务创新不及时第五章 实现河南省融资担保行业可持续发展的建议5.1 营造良好政策环境，促进担保行业健康发展5.1.1 增大财政支持力度，加强对融资性担保行业的监管力度5.
