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1、状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：从句（条件）主句（目的）表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）主语+would(should could might)+动词原型表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句If+主语+had+动词的过去分词主语+would（should could might）+have+动词的过去分词表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+should（were to）+动词原型/动词的过去式主语+would（could should might）+动词原型混合条件句主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作与主句中
2、的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。1. 条件暗含在短语中；2. 条件暗含在上下文中；3. 虚拟式变为习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气） He would put on weight, but he doesnt eat much. (与现在事实相反) He would have put on weight, but he didnt eat much. (与过去事实相反
3、) 条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。例：原句：If she were younger, she would do it. 去if：Were she younger, she would do it.虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。3表示与将来事实相反注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。
4、例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成由“providing（that）/provided（that）/on condition that/suppose（that）/supposing（that）”引导的条件从句根据情况，1.可以用虚拟语气。 例：suppos
5、e /supposing that it rained, we shouldnt go out. 2.也可以用陈述语气。 例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon.“In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气（should）+动词原型例：1. The game will be put off in case it (should) snow. 2. The game will be put off in case it snows.名词性从句中的虚拟语气一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.在动
6、词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。常用的此类动词有：表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, dema
7、nd, require, beg表示“同意，坚持”的：insist表示“决定，命令”的：decide, order注意：suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。在expect，believe，think，suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气经常用“should+动词原型（或完成形式），表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等情绪。Would rather，had rather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊
8、悔”。注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原型 2.would rather.than中用动词原型主语从句中的虚拟语气“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that.”结构中的虚拟语气表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例：I dont think it advisable
9、 that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的)在“It is (was)+名词+that.”结构句中的虚拟语气表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从
10、句需用虚拟语气表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。（should可省）这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。在It is (about/high) time+that 定语从句中的虚拟语气表示“该做.的时候了”其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型（should不可省）注意：在this is the first time/ second time that.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。If o
11、nly 引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气If only引出感叹句，意思是“要是.多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望。例：If only he didnt drive so fast!(现在)If only the rain would stop.(将来)Look at the terrible situation I am in !if only I had followed your advice(过去)虚拟语气2012、2013、2014年高考原题1.（2014北京卷）34. We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A. areB. we
12、re C. will beD. would be2.（2014福建卷）32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been3.（2014湖南卷）22.If Mr. Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the peop
13、le there.A. were B. had been C. should be D. was4.（2014陕西卷）23. We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay5.（2014天津卷）15. _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did h
14、e catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught6.（2014浙江卷 ）16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ to our help. A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come7.（2014重庆卷）13.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _it?A. had doneB. have done C. didD. am doing8.（2013重庆）29. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. - Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _ A. hadnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont 9. (2013安徽）28. I _to my cousins birthday party last night, bu
