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1、1非谓语动词【非谓语动词】 构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能 例句 说明主语 Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 动词宾语介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stamps a
2、re used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语 His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。2定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。1.动名词作主语动名词作主语相当于一个名词，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式Looki
3、ng after us was a full-time job,so she stay at home.Collecting stamps is interesting.*动名词作主语表示抽象概念或一般性的动作或情况。当动名词作主语时常用 it 作形式主语。如在 it is no use/no good/not any use/not any good/useless doing sth. 句式中，就用 it 作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语；而动词不定式做主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。 。It is no use discussing this matter whit him.To play
4、whit fire here is dangerous.2.动名词（短语）作表语动名词（短语）做表语通常位于系动词 be 之后。句子主语一般表示无生命的事物的名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。表语和主语是对等的关系，两者的位置可以互换。My job is teaching. (teaching is my job)*现在分词与动名词作表语的区别：动名词作表语说明主语的内容，回答 what 的问题，表语和主语几乎处于同等地位，可以互换位置，句意不变；3现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，说明主语的性质、特征等，回答how 的问题；The game is interesting.3.动名词（短语）
5、作宾语动名词作及物动词的宾语，又可以作介词的宾语。英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, miss, imagine, risk, permit, forgive, enjoy, escape, admit, avoid, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, cant help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这
6、些词。完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）动名词作介词宾语。注意下列短语中的 to 都是介词，后接名词或动名词：be/get use to 习惯于，pay attention to, lead to, prefer doing sth.to doing sth, look forward to, stick to, obje
7、ct to, get down to, on the/way to, as to 关于。另外，表示征求意见的“how/what about？Do you care about protecting the environment and saving engery?I look forward to coming home.4.动名词（短语）作定语动名词作定语修饰名词，表示该名词性质、功能、用途等Walking stick swimming poolDrinking water waiting room4Sleeping bag parking lot*现在分词与动名词作定语的区别：表示动作的
8、是现在分词，表示性质、功能、用途的是动名词。现在分词作定语与被修饰词之间常有主谓关系。She brought a sleeping bag yesterday.(a bag for sleeping)There is a sleeping baby under the tree.(who is sleeping)（二）动词不定式1、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用 to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是 not+（to+）动词原形。2、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句 说明主语To speak English is not easy f
9、or us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用 it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作
10、介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略 to。定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。5English.（表目的）1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用 it
11、作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为： It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在 kind，good，nice，clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用 for 而用 of。如：Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do l
12、ike that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： agree, choose, decide, expect, long(渴望)， manage（设法）, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, want, wishwould like, like 等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？They want to leave. 他们想要离开。在 find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用
13、it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day. 3. 不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要
14、省略 to。这些动词有：一感（feel） 、二听（hear, listen to） 、三让（let, make, have） 、四看（look at, see, watch, notice） 。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： I couldnt make my car start this morning. 今天早晨我的汽车发动不了。My friends were made to work day and night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。*hope，demand，suggest 等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补（）I hope my son to be b
15、ack soon.（）I hope my son will be hack soon.6（）She suggests us to have a discussion about it.（）She suggests that we (should) have discussion about it.（）She advises us to have a discussion about it. 4. 不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后(即后置定语)，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系， （即动作的发出者）往往是句子的主语。若不是句子的主语，这时动词不定式通常用被动形式。Can we have so
16、mething to eat now?Do you have anything to be bought?（主语不是动作的发出者）I have something to do .（主语是动作的发出者）*动词不定式作后置定语与被修饰词之间是动宾关系时，该不定式要用及物动词，若不是及物动词，则需加上适当的介词。He has a small room to live in.5.不定式常和疑问词 what, which, when, where, how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。6.不定式作状语不定式作状语
