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1、1. 形容词的用法形容词是用来说明和修饰名词的性质或特征的词类,分为普通形容词和表语形容词,有原级、比较级和最高级之分。(1)主要用作定语、表语或补足语。 a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园 The play Tea-house is both moving and interesting。 Who left the window open?(2)“定冠词the + 形容词”表示一类人或物,作“主语或宾语”,意思为“的一种人”, “的一类东西或事情”。如: The new will take the place of the old. 新事物将代替旧事物。 The young a
2、re fond of sports 。年轻人喜欢体育运动。(3)某些动词加“-ed ”和“ing”都可构成形容词,加-ed的形容词表示“本身是”,加“-ing”的形容词表示“能够引起”, 如: The disappointing boy made his parents very disappointed.这个令人失望的男孩让让父母很失望。 We were excited when we heard the exciting news(4)复合形容词的构成 1)形容词 + 名词 + ed kind-hearted好心的,white-haired白发的 2) 形容词 + 形容词 red-hot炽
3、热的,dark-blue深蓝的 3)形容词 + 现在分词 good-looking好看的,easy-going随和的 4)副词 + 现在分词 hard-working勤劳的,fast-moving快速转动的 5)副词 + 过去分词 hard-won得来不易的,newly-made新建的 6)名词 + 形容词 life-long终生的,world-famous世界闻名的 7)名词 + 现在分词 peace-loving爱好和平的,fun-loving爱开玩笑的 8)名词 + 过去分词 snow-covered白雪覆盖的,hand-made手工的 9)数词 + 名词 + ed four-store
4、yed 4层楼的,three-legged 3条腿的 10)数词 + 名词(名词用单数) ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的2. 副词的用法副词在句子中主要用作状语,用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词的词,有时还可修饰介词短语和 句子。很多形容词加“-ly”构成副词,如:careful-carefully。有原级、比较级和最高级。(1)时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现,则地点副词在前。几个副词同时出现在一个句子里时,通常顺序是:程度方式地点时间。They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday。Xiao Li works very
5、hard in the factory every day(2)频度副词 always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually通常位于行为动词之前,系动词、助动词和情态动词之后。He usually gets up at six and he is never late for class。You cant always be right。He often comes here.He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school。(3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前(但 enough除外)。(4
6、)评注性副词和逻辑副词的位置一般位于句首。3.形容词、副词比较级的用法形容词、副词有三个级别即:原级、比较级和最高级。原级即形容词和副词的原形, 单音节词的比较级在原级的基础上加“-er”构成;双音节及多音节词加more构成。如:brighter, faster, earlier, more widely more carefully。最高级在形容词和副词原级基础上加“-est”构成;双音节及多音节词加most构成。常见不规则变化的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级bigbiggerbiggesthappyhappierhappiestlargelargerlargestbad, b
7、adly, illworseworstgood, wellbetterbestmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder(时间、年龄、年代的长短或久远,可指人或物,可作定语或表语) elder (家庭成员的长幼关系,作定语)oldest eldestlatelater (时间的先后早晚) latter (顺序的先后)latest lastfarfarther (距离上远) further (距离上,程度上远)farthest furthest比较级常用句型:1)比较级 + and + 比较级 “越来越”。例如:It is getting cooler a
8、nd cooler in autumn。2)the morethe more “越,越”。例如:The more fruit you eat, the healthier you will be。3)no more than “只不过,仅仅”,后面接名词或数词,起形容词作用。 例如:What he is saying is no more than a joke. 他所讲的只不过是个玩笑而已。4)no morethan “和同样不”。例如:He can no more play the piano than I can play basketball. 他不会弹钢琴和我同样不会打篮球一样5)n
9、o less than “多达,竟有之多,不下于”。例如:There were no less than two thousand people at the match. 这场比赛不下于两千人到场观看。 6) no lessthan “和一样,不逊于”。例如: Our monitor is no less diligent than he used to be. 我们的班长和以前一样勤奋7)否定+比较级=最高级Your story is perfect. Ive never heard a better one before. 你的故事太棒了。我原来从来没有听过这么好的。二、注意事项1. 形
10、容词的几种特殊情况形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记:(1)形容词用作定语,修饰由不定代词one,no,any,some和every构成的复合词如anything,something等时,通常后置。如: I have something important to tell you。 Is there anyone absent today?(2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive,ashamed,well, sorry, unable, worth, sure等)不仅作表语,还可以
11、做宾语补足语和作后置定语。如: He was ashamed at being unable to give a correct answer。 他因说不出正确答案而感到羞愧。 Time alone will show who was right. 只有时间能证明到底谁对。(3)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。 Im going to take you somewhere else. 我要带你去别处。 Is there anything else you want? 你还要些别的什么吗? Who else is there in the house? 屋子里还有谁?(4)形容词短语
12、作定语,需后置。 A man so difficult to please must be hard to get along。(5)enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置。但是enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。 cannot, never 与enough 两用,表示“在也不为过”。 I have my lunch in a snack bar nearby(nearby snack bar)我在附近一家快餐店吃午饭。 She plays well enough for a beginner。对于初学者来说, 她弹奏得已相当不错了。 You can never be carefu
13、l enough (= You can never be too careful) in the street。 (6)形容词做状语表示伴随或结果,是来形容说明主语的,并不表示动作的方式。 We arrived home, tired and hungry。我们到家了,又累又饿。2. 比较级、最高级使用注意点(1)比较级的程度修饰语比较级的程度修饰语有:基本程度副词:much, very much, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, even, still, a bit, a little, rather, any (用于疑问句和否定句);具体数词;抽象数词;
14、倍数;分数;百分数。高级前可用nearly , almost , about , next , by far , by no means 或序数词进行修饰。例如:Of the three boys , Mike is by no means the most diligent。(2) 倍数的几种表达形式:1) times +as形容词副词原级 as+ 2) times +形容词副词比较级+than 3) Times+ the +n. +性质名词 +of 4) The +名词 +be + times that /those of 5) The +名词+be + times + what从句 This room is 3 times as big as that one。 This room is twice bigger