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1、8种基本时态的特殊用法,一、一般现在时,一般现在时用来表示现在的状态、经常的或 习惯性的动作、主语具备的性格和能力及其 客观事实和普遍真理。 He is twelve and he is at school. I get up at 5:00 every morning. She likes English and speaks it very well. As is known to us all, the earth goes round the sun,一般现在时代替现在进行时和表示将来,在由here和there引起的句子中, 常用 一般现在时代替现在进行时。 Here comes th
2、e bus. ( The bus is coming.) There she goes. ( She is going.,2. 有少数动词(如arrive, be, begin, come, finish, fly, go, have, leave, open, return, sail, set, take)的一般现在时可用来表示一个按 规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。这样用时, 通常要用一个表示将来时间的状语。 She comes tomorrow afternoon. School begins on September 1st. Next month is May. The train
3、leaves / stars at 5 pm,3. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中, 要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 Ill write to you as soon as I get there. We wont go unless it is fine tomorrow. He wont forgive me even if I apologize,二、一般过去时,一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或 持续的状态, 也可以表示过去经常或反复发生 的动作。 That terrible earthquake happened in 1976. He was at the meeting yes
4、terday afternoon. She always went to school by bike last year,在时间、条件、让步状语从句中, 要用 一般过去时表示过去将要发生的动作。 She said she would let me know before she left. They planned to go outing if it was fine the next day,2. 在Its (about / high) time (that) , Id rather , Would you mind if 等句式中, 从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在 或将来的动作。
5、 Its time you took a rest now. -Shall I open a window? -Id rather you didnt. Would you mind very much if I asked you to do something,3. 在虚拟语气中, 用一般过去时表示现在 或将来的动作。 If I had time, I would go with you. He looks as if he were ill. I wish I knew the answer. If only I were ten years younger,三、现在进行时,现在进行时表
6、示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行的 动作, 也可以表示当前一段时间内的活动或 现阶段正在进行的动作。 She is reading in the reading room now. We are working on a farm these days,现在进行时的特殊用法,1. 有少数动词(如arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, remove, see, stay, take, work)的现在进行时可用来表示一个 按计划或安排在最近将要发生的动作。 这样用时, 也通常要和一个表示将来时间 的状语连用。 He is leaving
7、on Saturday. The girl is having her birthday party tonight. We are removing into the country next week,2. 现在进行时与always, constantly, forever 等连用, 可表示某种情感(如批评、赞扬、 厌烦等)。 She is always doing fine at school. (赞扬) Your girl is constantly thinking of others. (赞扬) My father is forever losing his keys. (批评,3
8、. be的现在进行时可表示暂时的表现 或特点。 You are being impolite to me today. I wont agree with you, but I think you are being childish,4. 在时间、条件状语从句中, 间或可以用 现在进行时表示将来正在进行的动作。 Dont mention this when you are writing the report. If you are standing at the corner when I pass, Ill give you a lift into town,四、过去进行时,过去进行时表
9、示过去某一时刻或某一段时间 正在进行的动作。 The boy was drawing a horse when I came in. He was writing a new novel last year, but I dont know whether he has finished it,过去进行时表示过去或过去即将发生的动作,过去进行时代替一般过去时, 表示 批评、赞扬、厌烦、不满等情绪。 She was always working like that. The girl was forever complaining about something,2.过去进行时表示过去即将发生的
10、动作。 I was meeting him in the town the next day. She wondered when he was coming back for supper,五、一般将来时,一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的 动作或存在的状态, 也可以表示将来经常 或反复发生的动作。 He will be 18 next year. We will come to see you every Sunday,一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或 习惯性的动作。 Man will die. 人总是要死的。 Things will happen against our wish. 事情
11、是不会按照我们的愿望发生的,will 的否定形式表示“不能”、“没法”。 The car wont start. 这辆车开不动。 Oil and water will not mix. 油和水没法混合在一起,六、过去将来时,过去将来时表示从过去某一时刻看来将 要发生的动作或存在的状态, 多用于 宾语从句中。 I wasnt sure whether he would do it,过去将来时表示现在或将来用在虚拟语气 中, 用过去将来时表示现在或将来的动作。 If you were me, what would you do? How I wish I would go there with y
12、ou,七、现在完成时,现在完成时既可以表示过去发生或已经 完成的某一动作对现在有影响或结果, 也 可以表示过去已经开始且一直延续到现在 的动作或状态。 I havent seen him these days. They have lived here since 1978,现在完成时表示将来 在时间、条件状语从句中, 现在完成时可 表示将来某时已经完成了的动作。 I shall go with you as soon as I have had my bath. Well start at once if it has stopped raining by five oclock,八、过去完
13、成时,过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前 已经发生或完成的动作或状态, 它表示动作 发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 When we reached the station the train had left. They had lived there for ten years before the war broke out,过去完成时表示过去的情况,在虚拟语气的条件从句中, 用动词的过去 完成时形式表示与过去事实相反的假设动作。 If you had come earlier, you could have met her. How I wish I had gone to the co
14、ncert with you that night. I remember the story as if I had just read it. If only the letter had arrived in time. Id rather you hadnt done that,2. hope, intend, mean, plan, think等动词的 过去完成时可用来表示一个本来打算去做 而实际上没有做到的事。 We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but found it was gone. We had intended to get to the cinema last night, but someone called and we couldnt get away. I had thought he was honest, but I was wrong
