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1、B4Unit 2 Grammar The -ing form as the Subject and Object动词的ing 形式如何构成？有哪些规则？一找出句子中有动词-ing做主语和宾语1Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.2As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.3Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expand
2、ing the area of the fields.4He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.5Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.6Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.7Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a
3、kind of rice that could feed more people.二.练习与归纳1.Fill in the blank (tips from the pictures) (1)._ _ is my favourite sport.(play football)(2).My sister enjoys_ alone on the seashore. (stand)(3).The cartoon is _. (amuse)(4).China is a _ country. (develop)(5).We heard Tommy _ in his room.(sing)(6)She
4、sat at the desk _ a newspaper.(read)2.动词-ing形式时态和语态:动词-ing形式的构成：是在动词末加 -ing 形式构成。否定形式：not + -ing 构成.动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。主动被动一般doing 完成having done3.在本单元讲解动词-ing形式在句中作主语和宾语的用法。即动名词作主语和宾语Part1.动词-ing形式作主语1. 直接置于句首(1)Playing tricks on others is something we should never do.
5、(2)Learning new words is very important for me. (3)Talking is easier than doing.说比做容易。2. 用形式主语it，把真正的主语-ing形式移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。(1)It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.(2)Its worth making the effort.这事值得努力去做。 (3)It is pleasant working with you.常用-ing形式作主语的句型It + be + a waste
6、of time doing做是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做是没益/用处的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的3. 在there be no doing结构中作主语。这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do ”。(1)There is no _(hide)of evil but not to do it.若要人不知，除非己莫为。(2)Here is no _(joke)about such matter.这种
7、事开不得玩笑。(3)There was no _(know)when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。There is no sense in doing 做没有道理Part2.动词-ing形式作宾语1. 只能后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语, 常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，2. 既可接动词-ing又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。A. 在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定
8、式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动词-ing形式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B. 在begin/start，continue之后，用动 词-ing和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。 C. 在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动词-ing与不定式意义不同。动词-ing表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作。如：I remember posting the letter.我记得我已把信寄了。Ill remember to post the letter.我会记着去寄信的。I shall never forget seeing th
9、e famous writer.我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。Dont forget to write to your mother.不要忘了给你母亲写信。 D. 在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)， mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。 E. go on doing和go on to do: go on doing 继续做一直在做的事；go on to do 接着做另一件事。如：Please go on doing the same exercise.请接着做同一个练习。 Pl
10、ease go on to do the other exercise.请做另外一个练习。F. stop doing与stop to do: stop doing 停止做;stop to do 停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：We stopped talking.我们停止了交谈。/We stopped to talk.我们停下来去谈话。3. 作介词宾语下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to，look forward to，stick to，be used to等。
11、Step3 Practice1._ provides us with essentialnutrients (营养), while _ provides us with oxygen. (eat, breath)2. Have you forgotten _ $1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? (borrow, bring)3. My brother keeps _ me with my work. (help)4. We should often practise _ English with e
12、ach other. Speaking. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth _. (buy). He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory. (study)8. We are both looking forward to _ (休假) next week. (go on vocation). Once the heart stops _, death follows at once. (beat)1. We are now busy _ for the examination. (prepare) 5
