定语从句与宾语从句(2021年整理)

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1、定语从句与宾语从句 定语从句 一. 定语从句的基本概念 在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有 关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that 和关系副词 where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中 担任句子成份。 例:This is the boy who often helps me. 二. 关系代词和关系副词的功能 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关 系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语,关系副词可作状语。

2、作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。 例:I dont like people who talk much but do little. 作宾语 例:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. 作定语:关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语用。 例:Whats the name of the young man whose father is a doctor? 作状语 例:Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijin

3、g. 三. 关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 who指人,在定语从句中作主语。 例:The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。 例:Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate? whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。 例:The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。 例:A dictionary is a bo

4、ok which gives the meaning of words. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。 例:Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。 例:Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。 例:The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 【注意】关

5、系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句 之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面。 例:That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 四. 特殊用法 1. 只用 that 不用 which 的情况 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything

6、等不定代词时。 例:All that he said is true. 先行词被 only, no, any, one of 等词修饰时,1,例:The giant panda is one of the most lovely animals in the world that live in the mountains of China. 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。 例:The desk is the second thing that I have made. . 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 例:This is the best book that I hav

7、e read this year. 先行词既包括人又包括物时。 例:He talked about the people and the things that he remembered. 2. 只用 which 不用 that 的情况 在非限制性定语从中。 例:The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。 例:The thing about which he is talking is of great importance,定语从句练习 Yesterday Li Ming

8、 went to the village he visited five years ago. A. whereB. whoC. that The girl is reading is my sister A. whoB. whomC. which They like to live in a house is not very big but bright and comfortable . A. thatB. whoC. what When she got home, the first thingshe did was to clean the house. A. whichB. wha

9、tC. that Running man is a very relaxing TV programis hot among the young people. A. whatB. whichC. who The photo taken by my brother last week is very nice. A. which wereB. that wereC. which was China has the worlds longest high-speed railway we are proud of. A. thatB. whichC. what Those people and

10、exciting stories happened in the movie are well worth learning to us. A. whichB. whoC. that I dont like those talk much but do little. A. whoB. whoseC. which - Dad, Im hungry. Do we have anything to eat? - You can have some bread from the supermarket. Its on the table. A. which I am buyingB. that I

11、will buyC. that I bought - What are you going to do this summer vacation? - Im going to start a club to help students not interested in schoolwork. A. who isB. that isC. who are - Dont eat too much junk food. - Youre right. However, I do like the food tastes good. A. thatB. whatC. when,2,13. - Hi, K

12、immy. Do you know Jam Hsiao? - Sure. He is a popular singer comes from Taiwan,B. which,A. who I walked in our garden, A. which,B. where,C. Whom Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees. C. that,15. I can think of many cases (例子)students obviously (明显地) knew a lot of English words and

13、 expressions (表达) but couldnt write a good essay (文章,3,C. where,A. whyB. which 16. - Why does she always ask you for help? - There is no one else , is there,宾语从句 一. 宾语从句的分类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词, 宾语从句可分为三类。 由 that 引导的宾语从句。连词 that 只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,没有实在的意义,在口语和 非正式文体中常常省略。 例:He

14、 knew (that) he should work hard. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 等和连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导的宾语从句。这 些连接代词和连接副词起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。 例:I wonder where he got so much money. 由 if 或whether 引导的宾语从句。If 和 whether 起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解, 在口语中多用 if。 例:He asked me whether ( if ) I could help him. 二.

15、 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语 序是陈述句语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。 例:Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 注意:陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语 从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述句语序。 例:She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” She said she would leave a message on the desk,Where are th

16、e tickets?” I asked him. I asked him where the tickets were. 三. 宾语从句的时态 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,这就是时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般 现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相 应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。 例:Please tell us where he is. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. 注意:当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。 例:The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. 四. 宾语从句和状语从句的区别 例:(1)I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. (2)I dont know if the train has arrived. 句(1)中 if 引导的是状语从句

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