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1、高考英语省略句常见的陷阱题型（一）省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息而省略句中的一个或者几个句子成分并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。在语言应用中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。在英语考试中，也经常会采用微型语境的方法，使用省略手段来设计考试陷阱，增加考试的难度。在考试陷阱中，所涉及的省略情况一般有：词的省略、句子成分的省略、多个成分的同时省略等。一、承前省略陷阱所谓承前省略指的是当前后两句结构相同时，通常可将后一结构与前一结构相同的部分省略，从而使句子更简洁。一般说来，这种省略考生是可以根据上下文的语境作出正确理解的，但是，当这种省略与其他英语句型相似并很容易发生混淆时，就可能让张冠李
2、戴，步入误区。如果命题者刚好抓住这一点来巧妙设题，就很可能构成有一定难度的陷阱题。如：1.What should I do with this passage? _ the main idea of each paragraph. (重庆卷)A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out【分析】答案选 C。很容易误选 A 或 D，误认为这是考查非谓语动词。根据问句可知，完整的答语应是 You should find out，此处是承前省略了 You should，所以就是 Find out。2. My friend Mary is
3、_ beautiful girl and _ girl everyone likes to work with.A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the【分析】此题很容易误选 B，认为第一次提到 girl 用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。但其实最佳答案是 A。句中第二次提到 girl 时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 请再看两道题(答案选 A)：(1) Jim is _ bra
4、ve boy and _ boy never fearing anything.A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the(2) It is really _ useful dictionary and _ dictionary every one of us needs.A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the3. “What made her struggle to become an artist so hard?” “_ she was a woman.”A. / B. When C. That D. What【
5、分析】此题最佳答案选 C。that 用以引导主语从句(此 that 不可省略)，其后的谓语和宾语等被省略，若补充完整，即为 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard. 下面两题答案选 A，理由同上：(1) “What made her so happy?” “_ her son passed driving test.”A. That B. 不填 C. Since D. For(2) “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_ I was last
6、 night.”A. Where B. When C. That D. What4. If the weather is fine, well go. If _, _.A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not【分析】此题应选 A。If not, not. 为 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go 之省略。全句意为“如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去” 。该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同, 只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见, 于是将后句与前句相同部分省略，只保留否定词 n
7、ot。又如：If it is cheap, Ill buy it. If not, not. 如果这东西便宜，我就买；如果不便宜，我就不买。If you study hard, youll succeed. If not, not. 你若努力，你就会成功；你若不努力，你就不会成功。二、语境省略陷阱这里所说的语境省略指的是在一定的语境中，为了表达的简洁可省略有些不言而喻的信息。有时命题者巧妙地运用这一省略手段可编制出一些非常高明的语境省略陷阱题。如：1. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.
8、A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest【分析】此题答案为 B。此句实为 Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than him 之省略。省略 than him 后不仅句意仍然清楚，而且显得更为简洁。句意为“ 我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高” ，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的” 。请再看以下类似的题目(分析理由同上，答案均选 A)：(1) How beautifully she sings! I have ne
9、ver heard _ voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best(2) “Ive never found _ job.” “Congratulations.”A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best(3) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, wonderful. We couldnt have found _ place.”A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best(4
10、) How cold it is! Weve never had _ day this winter.A. a colder B. a cold C. the coldest D. the colder2. Shes too thin. She _ gain some weight but she _ too little.A. would, ate B. will, eats C. would, eats D. will, ate【分析】此题有些难度，许多同学不知如何分析。我们先根据题目所提供的选项将句意大致勾出来：她太瘦了。她会增加体重的，但她吃得太少了。根据句首 Shes too thin 这一所给信息可知， “她瘦”应是客观事实。按照一般的常识， “吃得少”就会引致“瘦” ， “吃得多”就会导致“胖” ，由于根据句首的信息， “她瘦”是客观事实，所以她“吃得少”也应是事实，所以第二空应填 eats(即用一般现在时表示客观事实) 。根据上面的分析 : “她瘦”和“她吃得少”均为客观事实，那么“她体重会增加”就应是假设(注意句中的转折连词 but)，所以第一空应填 would。其实，此句可理解为 but 前省略了一个条件状语 if she ate more (如果她多吃一点的话)。所以，此题最佳答案选 C。
