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1、知识精讲在英 的句子中， 的形式 与主 的人称和数保持一致。近几年来， 高考关于 内容的考 主要集中在 法一致、 意 一致以及就近（ ）一致原 等三个方面。一、 法一致原 只要确定句子的主 是 数意 ， 用 数，句子的主 意 复数， 用复数。具体表 如下：1.不可数名 作主 ，一律 数。某些以s 尾的 数名 作主 ，仍 数。No news is good news.His task was to collect information.How much machinery has been installed?2.表示 一概念的 名 、不定式或句子作主 ， 用 数。When and where
2、 to go for the on salary holiday has not been decided yet.3.“ one, either, neither, each of复数名 或代 ”作主 ， 用 数。Either of the stories is very funny.4.something, everything, anything, nothing ， somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代 作主 ， 通常是 数。Nothing is impossible.5.表示 、金 、距离、重量、数量的复数名 作主 ，通常看作一个整体， 用 数。Ten poun
3、ds was missing from the box.6. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等量 修 名 ， 通常以量 的 复数形式来决定 的 复数。This pair of glasses is very expensive.Two series of new stamps have been ordered.7.a number of复数名 ，“ 多”，复数意 ；the number of复数名 ，“的数目”， 数意 。the population of“的人口数量”作主 ， 用 数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the
4、 rest of the population作主 ，具体指其中的多少人，复数意 ， 用复数。the average of “的平均数量”，作主 ， 用 数。The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.第 1页The population of China is large and most of the population are farmers.8.主语后 with, together with, along with, except, besides
5、, as well as等短语时， 谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。( 因为 with 等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。)Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.9.“ the adj.”结构指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。The disabled are well taken care of in this country.The dead in this accident was 20, a girl from Na
6、njing University.The new is certain to replace the old.10.分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。The rest of the workers are still very tired.11.当 and 连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数
7、。War and peace is a constant theme in history.Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：iron and steel 钢铁law and order 治安bread and butter 黄油面包a watch and chain 一块带链的表a knife and fork一副刀叉a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣aim and end 目的truth and honesty 真诚12.what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的
8、名词的单复数。What surprised me most washis attitude towards his study.13.such 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.14.quantities of 名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。a quantity of名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。a quantity of不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。第 2页amounts of 不可数名 作主 ， 用
9、复数。an amount of 不可数名 作主 ， 用 数。Every day quantities of water are wasted.A large amount of damage has been done because of the floods.二、 意 一致原 1.every /each/no 名 and every/ each/ no 名 作主 ， 用 数。Every boy and every girl is having sports now.2.“ one 数名 and a half”作主 ， 用 数。One apple and a half was on the
10、table.3.“ more than one 数名 ”作主 ， 用 数形式。More than one student has failed the exam.4.“ many a 数名 ”作主 ， 用 数。Many a child was playing there.【注意】以上四种情况，如果从意 上来 ，主 有复数意 ，但由于名 都是以 数形式出 的，故 用 数形式， 形式上与主 的 数形式一致。三、就近（ ）一致原 来源 学科 网 Z,X,X,K1. 的人称和数常常与最近作主 的 保持一致。常出 在 句子中的 有：or, not but； either or ， neither nor
11、， not only but also 等。Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.2.在倒装句中 可与后面最近的一个主 一致。In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 来源:ZXXK3.当 there be 句型的主 是一系列事物 ， 与最
12、 近的主 保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy students and twenty three girl students in the class.4.当一个句子是由there 或 here 引起，而主 又不止一个 ， 通常和最靠近它的主 一致。Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.5.在定 从句中， 关系代 如果在从句中作主 ，依先行 决定从句 的 复数形式；在“ one of复数名
13、who/that/which ”引 的从句 构中，从句中的 用复数形式；第 3页来源:ZXXK但是之前有the (only) 等修饰语时，则从句中的动词用单数形式。Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.6.主语后面跟有“ with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addit
14、ion to ”等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.考点综述动词不定式、动名词
