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1、- 0 -2014 高考英语短文改错一轮训练（2）及答案172 考点知识精讲一、短文改错的解题基本思路1通读全文，掌握大意首先，要认真阅读短文，把握全篇主旨，弄清上下文的逻辑关系，了解文章所创设的语言环境，为正确判断创造条件。2整句理解，逐行找错。在读懂文章之后，要逐句逐行地找错。分析每个句子中句法、语法、行文逻辑等方面是否有错，要做到逐行分析，不可遗漏，句与句之间要注意连词的用法。3由易到难，各个击破改错要从最简单、最熟悉的项目入手，先从语法的角度入手，再从逻辑方面考虑，最后推敲难题。4检查核对，规范改正最后浏览改后的全文，看全篇是否语义通顺，注意正确行。 要特别注意规范改正错误, 严格按照
2、示范规定符号和要求去改。切忌文字说明或用箭头表示。二短文改错的设题方式一错词：错词的情况归纳起来大致可分为虚词选择错误、实词词形错误、同(近)义词、形似词选择错误等。1虚词错误介词错误。介词错误主要集中在介词的固定搭配、介词多词义的用法以及一些意义相近介词、副词和连词的混用等。1.After five years away in my hometown，I find that the neighborhood which I used to live in has changed a lot.(09 全国卷 I)析：“从离开，远离”应为短语 away from，不能与 in 搭配。应将 in
3、改为 from。 连词错误主要表现: 句与句之间的关系混淆，是并列、转折、承接、还是表原因；连词与- 1 -介词、副词的混用，一些连词具有多重功能和词性以及意义相近连词的区别等。1.I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and I was held up on my way back(09 全国卷 II) 析：分析前后两个句子可知，前面的句子与后面的句子存在转折关系，不是并列关系，应将 and 改为 but。冠词错误：冠词的考查集中在：应该使用定冠词的地方使用了不定冠词；应该使用不定冠词的地方却使用了定冠词；不定
4、冠词 a 与 an 的误用等。1.Three men were fishing when the angel appeared in the boat with them. （2009.四川卷）析：初次提到的人或物前应该用不定冠词，因此要将第一个 the 改为 an。2实词错误 名词错误主要集中在：名词的单复数形2式，特别注意不规则名词的复数形式；可数名词和不可数名词的混用；抽象名词具体化；名词的所有格等。1. I stayed there for one and a half hour and made sure that the girl was all right. （09 全国卷 II
5、）2. 析：one and a half 后接可数名词的复数形式，不能用单数。要将 hour 改为hours。 动词错误主要有：不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误；时态的不一致性；语态的错用；非谓语动词用法的选择，特别是非谓语动词作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词；在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词；以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式；谓语动词时态形式的错用；情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的误用等。1.There exist now a park that has a small river running thro
6、ugh. （09 全国卷 I）析：句子中的 there exist 相当于 there be 形式，exist 的形式跟后面的名词 a park 保持一致，因此 exist 要用单三形式 exists。 形容词与副词错误主要表现在：这两类词的混用；形容词或副词的原级、比较级、最高级的混用等。1.The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school are gone. （09 全国卷 I）析：分析句子，句子中没有比较对象，不能用比较级，要将 older 改为原形 old。 引
7、导词错误：在复合句中引导从句的连接词的错误运用，特别是在定语从句中关系词的错误运用，宾语从句中连接词的误用等。1.One day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan. I asked my father for the money. （09 辽宁卷）析：非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时只能用 which 不能用 that，应将 that 改为 which。代词错误。代词考查主要集中在句子中代词的一致性、人称代词、反身代词、指示代词的混用等。1.When I was in high school, most of
8、my friends had bicycles. I hoped I could also have it. （2009.辽宁卷）析：根据句义后面句子中的 it 与前面句子中的 bicycles 是一类物，表示泛指。因此要将 it改为 one。3思维定势干扰错误。由于受汉语思维定势影响，造成一些英语词语的搭配错误。1.Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. （09 海南、宁夏卷）析： anything 意思是“任何事或任何物” ，而 everything 表示“所有的东西或物” ，很显然句子强调在宿舍的所有事情
9、，应将 anything 改为 everything。行文逻辑错误。高考短文改错中，涉及短文主旨大意及逻辑关系的错误这类试题的隐蔽性较强，单独看并没有错，但若放在整篇中则与全篇的意思不符。I stayed here for one and a half hours and made sure that the girl was all right.析：直接分析该句，没有任何错误，但结合上下文可看出句子是在转述过去发生的事情，不能用 here，因此应将 here 改为 there。二、漏词漏词考查主要集中在：名词前漏冠词；不及物动词后漏掉相应的介词。不定式前少了不该省的 to；分句与分句之间往往
10、漏掉相应的连词；句子中助动词、情态动词的遗漏。复合句中关系词、连接词的遗漏；以及句子中替代词的遗漏等。1.One day, the school held party, where I was invited to talk about Tianjin. (08天津卷)析：初次提到的可数名词单数前面要加不定冠词，因此要在 party 前加不定冠词 a。2.It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything（09 浙江卷）析：在 it is/was possible to do sth 结构中，动词
11、不定式符合不能省略，因此要在 give前加 to。三、多词多词考查主要集中在介词、副词、连接词、冠词、不定式符号 to、代词、助动词等。这些词大都为虚词，在句子中的作用显得不大，但极易引起误用，是学生语言运用中最常犯的错误。1.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket.(09 全国卷 I)析：句子的意思为 “市场把位置让给了一个超市” 。这里并不表示被动意义，要将 been 去掉。2. Im sorry that I wasnt able t
12、o return to your bike on time yesterday.（094全国卷 II）析 ： return to 的 意 思 为 返 回 到 某 地 ， 而 在 句 子 中 的 意 思 为 归 还 某 物 ， 不 能 加 to， 要 将 to 去 掉 。passage 13Mary was an university student. She didnt have much 1 _ money and her parents were not rich, and she had an uncle 2. _ who had been fortunately enough to c
13、ollect great wealth. 3. _ He always give her valuable Christmas and birthday presents. 4. _ When her uncles birthday came round, Mary wanted buy him 5. _ something really special, but because she was rich, she did not 6. _ know how to get him. She went into the best shop in her 7. _ town and explain
14、ed what her problem was to one of helpful 8. _ shop assistants. Finally she asked, “What do you have for 9. _ someone who has already got everything he wants or needs. 10 The assistant sighed deeply and answered, “Envy, only envy.”【参考答案】Key 13 1. ana 2 andbut 3 fortunatelyfortunate 4 givegave 2. 5to
15、 buy 6.shehe 7how-what8the helpful.3. 9 assistant - assistants 10 right Pasasage14As the world enters the 21st century, the development in the 1 _science and technology will bring us much more new hopes and 2_chance weve never imagined before.People are hoping have 3_a peacefully and highly develope
16、d world.To catch up with 4_the new development and to be success in the new century the 5_younger generation is required to have different kind of skills 6_and abilities, such like the computer science and the English 7_5language.Otherwise one will be left behind.Young people should 8_study even hard at school and prepare themselves mentally 9_and physically to meet with
