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1、一、主谓一致主谓一致是历年高考试题中的测试重点之一。一般与其它知识综合起来考察。近几年语境综合化程度越来越高。分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、定语从句等场合下的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数，需仔细推敲。处理主谓一致要注意语法一致，意义上一致和就近一致。高考重点要求：1. 根据主谓一致的三个原则（语法一致，意义一致，就近一致）， 判断和确定句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致2. 掌握固定词组作主语，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致考生在掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，也要特别注意语法一致的原则，而且分
2、数、百分数、不定式、动名词、定语从句等场合下的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。复习时需注意的要点1、集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数，看作各个成员时，谓语用复数。例如：His family isnt large.His family are all fond of music.2、一些名词如 news， maths， physics 等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数。例如：The news is wonderful.Physics is an interesting subject.3、由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复数名词主语，是当作一个整体看待
3、的，后面用单数动词。例如：Five minutes is too short.Ten dollars is enough.4、主语后面跟有介词 with 或 together with 引导的短语时，谓语动词一般与前面的主语的人称和数一致。例如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab.5、主语前有 every 或 each 修饰时，无论有几个主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：Every teacher and every student in our school has been to the
4、 Century Park.【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案1、He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been2、Professor Smith， along with his assistants， _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. work B. working C. is working D. are working3、Not
5、only _interested in football but _beginning to show an interest in it.A. the teacher himself is all his students areB. the teacher himself is are all his studentsC. is the teacher himself are all his studentsD. is the teacher himself all his students are4、 “Each of the students， working hard at his
6、or her lessons， _ to go to university.”“So do I.”A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped5、E-mail， as well as telephone， _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. hoped6、Books of this kind _ well.A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold7、Every possible means
7、 _ to prevent the air pollution， but the sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used8、When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided9、The number of people invited _ f
8、ifty， but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were， was B. was， was C. was， were D. were， were10、_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifthis B. Two fifthare C. Two fifthsis D. Two fifthsare答案与解析1.D 【解析】 这是一个定语从句。在 one 前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式：one of t
9、he students 中的先行词是 the students，定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式。the only one of the students 中的先行词是 the only one，定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。又因“for three years”是完成时的标志。2.C【解析】Professor Smith 决定谓语动词的数；his assistants 和谓语动词的数无关。3.D【解析】not only but （also ）连结两个句子，用部分倒装。4.B【解析】“each of +名词复数”谓语用单数。5.A【解析】本题考察主谓一致，当主语后面跟有 as well a
10、s 短语时，其后的谓语动词不受 as well as 之后的名词影响，仍然和主语在人称和数上保持一致。6.A【解析】“kind（s） of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数依 kind 单复数而定：“复数名词 + of this/that kind ”作主语时，谓语动词的数依 of 前面的名词而定。本题中 sell 用作不及物动词表示“销售”。7.C【解析】 mean 单数复数一个形式。在本题中代表单数。8.D【解析】不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数。9.C【解析】“the number of” 表示“的数量”，谓语用单数：“a number of”表示“许多”，谓语用复数。10.C【解析】考察数
11、词和主谓一致。分数词在句中作主语时，谓语动词必须跟分数词所修饰的名词保持数的一致。二、虚拟语气考点透析考点 1：虚拟语气的基本用法1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be 动词用 were）+其他成分+if+should/would/could+动词原形+其他成分。例如：If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party.A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not【解析】句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚
12、会的。that 从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为 C.2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could+have done+其他成分。例如：If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day.A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining【解析】句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下
13、了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为 A.3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could+动词原形+其他成分。例如：If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to【解析】句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去
14、西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为 B.考点 2：含蓄虚拟条件句这样的虚拟句不含有 if 从句，而是以 but for/without/or/otherwise 等引导的句子代替 if 从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you.A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managed【解析】由语境可知这里
15、要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用 could have done，故应选 B.考点 3:主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fall
16、en C.should fall D.were to fall【解析】句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的 Melinda Cox 图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为 B.考点 4:名词性从句中的虚拟语气在 含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在 it 做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是 necessary/strange /essential/natural/a pity/a shame 等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略。例如：Dont you think it necessary that
