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1、热点04 语法填空【命题趋势】在一篇200左右词的短文中留出十个空白，所设空白分有词填空和无词填空二种。有词填空题考查：时态、语态、形容词或副词的级、非谓语动词和简单构词法。无词填空考查：代词、冠词、连词、介词和情态动词。要求考生根据空白所在句的句式结构及句子间的逻辑关系，用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填写，以便使短文准确无误。本题型主要考查考生在文章中正确使用英语语法知识的能力。【满分技巧】 答题原则：以句子为单位来考虑含有空白的句子。答不出时，再考虑设空所在句与前句或后句的关系。A. 有词填空题 这类题在一个设空处可填一至三个词，其中考查最多、最难的是用动词的正确形式填空。这包含对时态、语态
2、、非谓语动词及构词法知识的考查。首先要确定该空应该使用谓语动词(时态、语态、)还是用非谓语动词。规律是：每个句子(从第一个词到句号或叹号算作一个句子)都遵循这个等式：谓语数-1=连词数。其中一个破折号(若后面是句子)、分号、冒号算作一个连词；连接并列成分的连词，承接上文的连词，以及 when、if、though与非谓语动词连用时的不计数。在填含有已给动词的空白时，依据已知的谓语动词和连词的数量所构成的等式来判断。若左边(前面)再加1等式才成立，需要填谓语动词；若相等，需要填非谓语动词(详见下列技巧应用)B. 无词填空题这类题一个空白只许填一个词，其中考查最多、最难的是填从属连词。判断是否填连词
3、的方法也是根据上述等式(遇到难句、长句、复杂句，才使用)来考虑：即, 若右边(后面)再加1等式才成立, 需要填连词。考查代词、冠词、连词、介词、形容词或副词的级和情态动词的填空题相对较简单。将在技巧应用或限时检测中详述。【热点话题】阅读、健康、运动、社会热点、垃圾分类、文化介绍等英语语法填空高考考点整理1、 从句引导词1定语从句(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国卷）) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum
4、 39 opened in 1759. (which/that 本句考查定语从句)（2019全国2卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， she opened with her late husband Les. （which 非限制性定语从句）（2018全国1卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_showed a mere five to 10 minute a day
5、 of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.（that/which 定语从句，指物，在从句中做主语故用关系代词）（2018全国2卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government stared a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.（that/which 定语
6、从句，指物，在从句中做主语故用关系代词）（2017全国1卷）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.（which 非限制性定语从句）（2016全国1卷）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter.（when 非限制性定语从句，先行词是时间，在从句中做时间状语）2宾语从句(2020年
7、浙江省高考英语试卷) Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.（what 考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。）（2015全国2卷）As
8、 natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.（how 引导宾语从句）3同位语从句（2019全国1卷）While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.（that 同位语
9、从句）2、 谓语动词的的变式1时态(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) New methods 65 (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.(meant 句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。)(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) By about 6000 BC，people 61 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to
10、raise. (had discovered 句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.)(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国卷）) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum w
11、hich opened in 1759. （formed 句子中有明确的过去时间状语，因此谓语部分用过去时）（2019全国1卷） In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.（have reported 现在完成时，标志是in recent years）（2019全国2卷）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene （declare） she had no pla
12、ns to retire from her 36-year-old business. （declared 一般过去时）（2019全国2卷） I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make） over the years.（have made 现在完成时，标志是over the years）（2018全国1卷） While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it _(be)more effective at len
13、gthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.（is 一般现在时）（2018全国2卷）Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.（has grown现在完成时，标志是since）（2018全国2卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer reco
14、mmendations to farmers.（started 一般过去时，标志为过去时间点2005年）（2017全国2卷） Later, engineers _(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube.（managed 根据全文时态判定为一般过去时）（2016全国2卷）It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, (make) sure its
15、 a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.（make 祈使句用动词原形）2语态（主被动）(2020年浙江省高考英语试卷) And，as more children were born，more food 59(need).( was needed句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。)(2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国
16、卷）) The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms. (are called 本句考查一般现在时的被动语态)（2020年全国卷）They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.（to care 这个是主动形式表示被动含义，本句中与谓语部分的形容词有关）（2017全国1卷）When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.（are removed
