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1、飞洋英语学校1代词的用法与讲解一. 人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。主格 宾格第一人称 I mewe us第二人称 you youyou you 第三人称 he she it him her itthey them2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：I like table tennis. （作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.4.人称代词在 than 之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。 如：He is o
2、lder than me.He is older than I .二. 物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示.形容词性的 名词性的第一人称 my mine our ours第二人称 your yoursyour yours 第三人称 his his her hersits itstheir theirs2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和
3、表语。Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）- No. Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）飞洋英语学校2三. 指示代词指示代词包括：this， that，these，those 。 1. this 和 these 一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that 和 those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：This is a pen an
4、d that is a pencilWe are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time2. 有时 that 和 those 指前面讲到过的事物，this 和 these 则是指下面将要讲 到的事物，例如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用 that 或 those 代替，例如：T
5、elevision sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?四. 反身代词英语中用来表示我自己 ，你自己 ，他自己 ，我们自己， 你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。第一人称 myself ourselves第二人称 yourself Yourselves第三人称 himselfherselfitselfthemselve
6、s反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表语。It doesnt matter Ill be myself soonThe girl in the news is myself 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。I myself washed the clothes （=I washed the clothes myself. ） （作主语同位语）You
7、should ask the teacher himself （作宾语同位语）飞洋英语学校3五. 不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some 与 any 的区别1）some 多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+ 单数动词； 可数名词+复数动词。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示
8、“一些，任何” 用作形容词时，后面可以接 不可数名词 +单数动词； 可数名词 +复数动词。If you have any questions, please ask me.There isnt any orange in the bottle.Have you got any tea?3）any 和 some 也可以作代词用，表示“ 一些” 。any 多用于疑问句或否定句中，some 多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?I cant see any.If you have no money, Ill lend you some.
9、注意：与 some, any 结合的词如 something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody 在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和 some, any 的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a little 在用法上的区别1）用作形容词：含义用法表示肯定 表示否定用于可数名词a few 虽少，但有几个few 不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词a little，虽少，但有一点little 不多，没有什么Im going to buy a few apples.He can speak only a little
10、 Chinese.There is only a little milk in the glass.He has few friends.They had little money with them.2）a little 和 little 也可以用作副词， a little 表示“ 有点，稍微”，little 表示“很少”。Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词 hungry)Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词 sleep)Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)She slept very little l
11、ast night.飞洋英语学校43. other, the other, another, others, the others 的区别。代名词 形容词用 法 单数 复数 单数 复数不定 another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定 the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1）other 可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。Where are his other books?I have
12、nt any other books except this one.2）other 也可以用作代词，与冠词 the 连用构成 “the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与 one 搭配构成“one ., the other .”句型。He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3）other 作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与som
13、e 搭配构成“some ., others .”句型。Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.4） “the others”表示特指某范围内的“ 其他的人或物” 。We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock.In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another 可以作
14、形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“ 另一个”，还可以跟代词 one.You can see another ship in the sea, cant you?Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?6）another 也可以作代词用，表示“另一个” 。Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4. every 与 each 的区别。each every1)可单独使用 1)不可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词 2)仅作形容词3)着重“个别” 3)着重“全体”，毫无例外4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物The teacher gave a toy to each child.飞洋英语学校5Each ball has a different colour.当我们说 each child, each student 或 each teacher 时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说 every child 和 every student 时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every 的意思与 all 接近，表示他们都如此。Every student
