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1、第十讲(不定式的用法)I.学习目标复习动词不定式的定义及结构II. 重点、难点分析一、动词不定式（一） 定义：动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词它的形式是“to十动词原形”，但to有时也可以省略。现在就让我们一起来看一下动词不定式的形式和用法我们学过的能直接跟带to 的不定式结构作宾语或宾补的动词主要有:want, learn, try, decide, forget , remember, like, love,stop等。如 : I want to see a film我想去看电影They decided to take; a long vacation in Paris. 他们决定去巴黎度
2、长假动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not ，即not to do sth.。如:Jim told me not to wake np Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特【练习一】选择( )1. “What are you going to do this weekend?” “Id like my parents.” A. to visit B. visit C. visiting D.visited( )2. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ive no idea, but Ive decided at home.A. stay B. t
3、o stay C. stayed D. staying( )3. Last week our geography teacher told us more information about how to protect the environment. A. get B. got C. to get D. getting( )4. Our headmaster asked us a report on how to protect wild animals. A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote( )5. How do you feel when
4、you watch the national flag go up?It makes me very proud.A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel( )6. -Please tell the boys -_any noise. My baby is sleeping.-OK. Ill do it at once.A. not make B.to make C. not to make（二）用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语 动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.
5、表示不定式的逻辑主语)。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：1、把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 2、用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe 名词 to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the wo
6、rk? Itbe 形容词 for sbto do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. Itbe 形容词 of sbto do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teacher says. 注意：在中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在中，常用careless, clever, good
7、, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is形容词to do句式 ，如：Its kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.It seems(appears)形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money. 3、带疑问词的不定式短语作主语How to sol
8、ve the problem is hard for him. 【练习二】动词不定式作主语( )1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans( )2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning( )3. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. or；of B. of； for C. to；for D
9、. of；to4.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.（三）用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征，通常放在连系动词（主要是be动词）后。如：1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. 2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. 注意：不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。Our work is serving th
10、e people.（四）用动词不定式作宾语的动词与结构。1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求、选择、同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望、决定、学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可、假装、知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望、想要、愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id
11、 love to visit Mexico2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介词结构on.可用疑问词带to 的不定式短语作宾语，但 why后面的不定式不带to 。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 【注意】疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样
12、把它付诸实施。3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接动词不定式又可接v.ing 形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以
13、用动词不定式。如：1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.2)Im beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. 感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving 形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。st
14、op to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing 继续做原来的事。如：1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.2)I stopped using them last year.及物动词+不定式一般形式：谓语动词(vt.) +不定式(作宾语) 说 明want(想 ) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要 ) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会 ) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着 ) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) (无)help(帮助 ) to可以省略begin(开始 )/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨 ) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大forget(忘记) / remember(记得 )/ like(总爱) + to (do)也可跟动名词,意义变化较
