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1、北陵公园声景观存在的问题与优化建议摘 要声景观是公园景观环境的重要组成部分，声景观的优化有助于提升游客对公园的整体舒适度评价。北陵公园是文化娱乐游览与名胜古迹于一体的功能齐全的综合性公园，使用者人群广泛，是沈阳对世界的标志性窗口。但是随着使用人数的增加，不少使用者反映，静谧的环境开始喧闹起来，影响了休闲游憩体验，调查也发现，对于文化型旅游景区缺少了历史文化声的融入，广播声等不符合氛围的噪音严重影响了游客的体验感受。因此，对北陵公园进行实地调查，客观分析其声景观现状和使用者感知、评价，发现存在的实际问题，对优化该公园的声景观环境，具有重要现实意义，对文化旅游型公园的声景观构建也具有参考价值。本文
2、以沈阳北陵公园为研究对象，在2018年7月至11月，采用声漫步法，总结了公园的声景观构成、声源种类、声源认知偏好。通过WS1361型声级计对公园进行声级测量，分析了公园的声景观时间分布、空间分布、声级大小等总体特征。并发放调查问卷，对游客的声景观感知差异、环境认知偏好、安静度、视听环境舒适度进行分析。运用反距离权重插值法形成声景舒适度地图，直观展示分析和评价声景的研究成果，为深入研究公园内的声景观设计奠定理论基础。最后通过资料分析法，总结出文化旅游型公园声景的改进建议以及历史声的营造手段。通过分析表明，北陵公园声景观由自然声、生活声、人工声共同构成，不同位置的声景观特征与其区位条件和功能定位有
3、关。公园的听觉舒适度和视觉舒适度以及整体环境舒适度之间存在较强的相互影响。北陵公园中人们的活动声主导了声环境的多样性指数，改善公园声景观的有效措施是增加人们偏好的自然声，如鸟叫、风声、风吹树叶声等，减少生活声和人工声。广场需要限制及控制活动的类型、时间，自然式的景观节点需要注重听觉环境和活动内容的影响，具有特色的活动空间内，要将视觉景观设计的更富有文化特色，增加游客与景观的互动性。综上所述，可以通过优化人工噪声，加强自然声营造，增加互动景观，仿生装置的设定来改善公园的声景观，最后结合对历史资料的翻阅，从中筛选出保留文化历史韵味的声音元素，运用到文化旅游型公园中，为其规划提出建议：优化原有历史文
4、物资源；布置含历史元素的声景小品；运用高科技方法；设立历史演讲台；增添文化民俗手艺型娱乐场所。关键词：文化旅游型公园，声景观，声漫步，声景舒适度，北陵公园。AbstractSound landscape is an important part of the park landscape environment. The optimization of sound landscape is helpful to improve the overall comfort evaluation of the park. Beiling Park is a comprehensive park wit
5、h complete functions integrating cultural, entertainment and scenic spots. It has a wide range of users and is a landmark window for Shenyang to the world.However,withtheincreaseofthenumberofusers,manyusersreportedthatthequiet environment began to be noisy, which affected the experience of leisure a
6、nd recreation. The survey also found that the cultural tourist attractions lacked the integration of historical and cultural sound, and the noise that did not conform to the atmosphere such as broadcast sound seriously affected the experience of tourists. Therefore, the field investigation of Beilin
7、g Park,the objective analysis of its sound landscape status and user perception and evaluation, and the discoveryofpracticalproblemsareofgreatpracticalsignificancetooptimizethesound landscape environment of the park, as well as reference value to the construction of sound landscape of cultural touri
8、sm park.This paper takes Beiling Park in Shenyang as the research object. From July to November, 2018, the sound diffuse method is used to summarize the sound landscape composition, sound source types and sound source cognitive preferences of the park. The sound level of the park is measured by ws13
9、61 sound level meter, and the overall characteristics of the time distribution, spatial distribution and sound level size of the sound landscape in the park are analyzed. In addition,aquestionnairewassentouttoanalyzetheperceptiondifference,environmentalcognition preference, quietness and audio-visua
10、l environment comfort of tourists. Using the inverse distance weight interpolation method to form the soundscape comfort map, intuitively display the research results of analysis and evaluationof soundscape, and lay a theoretical foundationforin-depthstudyofsoundscapedesigninthepark.Finally,throught
11、hedata analysis method, it summarizes the improvement suggestions of the sound scene of culturaltourism park and the construction means of historical sound.The analysis shows that the sound landscape of Beiling Park is composed of natural sound, life sound and artificial sound. The characteristics o
12、f sound landscape in different locations are related to their location conditions and functionalpositioning. There is a strong interaction between the park s hearing comfort, visual comfort and the overall environmental comfort. The activity sound of people in Beiling Park dominates the diversity in
13、dex of sound environment.The effective measures to improve the sound landscape of the park are to increase people s preference for natural sound, such as bird call, wind sound, wind blowing leaves sound, etc., and to reduce the living sound and artificial sound. The square needs to limit and control
14、 the type and time of activities. The natural landscape node needs to pay attention to the impact of the auditory environment and activity content. In the activity space with characteristics, the visual landscape design should be more cultural, and the interaction between tourists and the landscape
15、should be increased.In conclusion, the sound landscape of the park can be improved by optimizing the artificial noise, strengthening the construction of natural sound, increasing the interactive landscape, and setting the bionic device. Finally, combined with the browsing of historical data, the sou
16、nd elements that retain the cultural and historical charm can be screened out and applied to the cultural tourism park, and suggestions for its planning are put forward: optimize the original historical relics resources; arrange the calendar included Historical elements of the soundscape skit; the use of high-tech methods; the establishment of a historical podium; add
