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1、语法填空专项训练-介词介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在连续两年的高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的，占语法填空的五分之一。该题要求“在空格处填入一个适当的词”的限定，所以我们要重点关注简单介词(一个单词的介词)，主要考点有：1. 表示时间介词有: at, in, on 表示时间点和时间段 by 不迟于，到时为止 after 在之后before 在之前 since 自从for 表示一段时间; during 在期间 within在期间，不超过throughout贯穿期间over在期间，过完一段时间fromto从到until/till直到between在之间 2. 表示方位的介词有： into进入； ou
2、t of从出来； along沿着；(a)round围饶着或在的各处；down沿而下；up沿而上；from从；off从离开或下来；at朝着或向着；for到去；to到或向；towards向或朝着； at在某一点或在(某物)旁；in在某一范围内；on在某物的表面上；above在的上头或高出；below在下面或低于； among在(多者)之中；between在(两者)之间；around在周围；inside在的里面；outside在的外面；before在之前；behind在的后面；over在的上方或上面；under在的下面或下方；beside/by在的旁边；near在的附近；beyond在的那一边，远于
3、，超过(某事物的范围)；across在的对面或那一边；against靠着；across从一边到另一边；by/past从某人或某物的旁边经过；over从某人或某物的上空经过；through从某事物的里面经过。3. 表示原因的介词有because of, owing to, due to, for, with, at(常放在表示情感变化后的动词、形容词或名词后表示原因，相当于“听到或看到”)等。4. 表示方式、方法或手段的介词有by乘、坐、骑(接交通工具), 靠、通过；in用(某种语言或材料，如墨水等)；with用(具体的工具)，和一起；through通过(实践或书本)等。5. 表示“除外”的介词
4、有except, besides, but, except for等。6. 表示“数量”的about(大约), around(大约), over(超过)等；表示“关于”的on, about等；表示“所属”“部分与整体关系”的of；表示(增加/减少，相差，高出等的)程度的by；以及as(当作，作为)，like(像一样)等。7. 能接复合宾语的介词有with和without。8. 短语中的介词。如“动词+介词”短语，如look after, care for，congratulations on等；“动词+副词+介词”短语，如catch up with, get on with, work har
5、d at, do well in等；“动词+名词+介词”take are of, take notice of等；“名词+介词”，如effect on等。解题技巧：1. 什么情况下可能是填介词？我们首先必须知道两点：(1)介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词，或者what从句；(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时，且他们不是在句中作主语，也不是在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就很可能是填介词。2. 应该填哪个介词？在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选
6、择一个恰当的介词。另外，以下几条思路对解题非常有用：(1)由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。2008年广东高考36题，“感到累了”应当是“干活一整天之后”，故填after。(2)由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。如2008年广东高考31题，这是一个there be句型，该句型一般是表示“在某个地点存在某人或某物”；可见 “_these proverbs”应当是表示地点的；不难得知“有趣故事”应当是在“这些成语的背后”，故填behind。(3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的介词只能是with或without。(4)考虑介词(空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系，或者介词(空格
7、)与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定具体要填的介词。例1Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _these proverbs there are often interesting stories. (广东)分析：因these proverbs是名词，且不是作主语、宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在背后”，用介词behind。例2He was very tired _ doing this for a
8、 whole day.分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示“因而累”，be tired from也是固定短语，故也可填from。例3the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _a guest in their house.分析：句意是“把我们作为客人接待”，表示“当作，作为”用介词as。例4I wanted to reward the old woman _the trouble I had caused
9、her.分析：句意是“我想酬谢我们给她造成了麻烦的那个年迈的妇女。” 表示“因而酬谢/报答某人”，是reward sb. for sth.，即用for引出原因，故填for。 类似的表达还有: thank sb. for sth.; praise sb. for sth.; punish sb. for sth.等。一、单句填空：用适当的介词填空。1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. (安徽)2. If you really have to leave during the meetin
10、g, youd better leave _ the back door. (北京)3. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men. (福建)4. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (福建)5. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. (辽宁)6. Lets learn to use the problem we are
11、facing _ a stepping-stone to future success. (宁夏)7. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. (全国)8. I began to feel _ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东)9. Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. (陕西)10. Everything was
12、perfect for the picnic except _ the weather. (浙江)11. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age. (北京)12. Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. (福建)13. _ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almost h
13、ear our own heartbeats. (湖南)14. Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. (江西)15. Experts have been warning _ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西)16. The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. (全国I)17. Some people choo
14、se jobs for other reasons _ money these days.(全国II)18. Some students often listen to music _ classes to refresh themselves. (四川)19. The open-air celebration has been put off because _ the bad weather. (浙江)20. Sorry, Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _the visiting hours. (福建)21. Its quite_
15、 me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽)22. Its a top secret.Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _ you and me.(上海)23. People have always been curious_ how living things on the earth exactly began. (辽宁)24. After the earthquake, the injured were cared_ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospi
