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1、,被动语态 一、 考点、热点回顾 【词汇辨析】 across, through 穿过 across 指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流，穿 过桥梁等。eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。 through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。 eg:He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。 ill，sick“生病的”。 ill 只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was ill in bed.,sick,既可作表语 eg: He
2、r mother was sick in bed. 也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.,若 ill 作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的” eg:an ill person 一个坏人 sick 作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的“ eg:The boy always feels sick when he travels by car. 【固定搭配】 动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词 make room for 给.腾出地方eg: We can make room for her at this table. play a joke on
3、戏弄人；对人恶作剧eg: We cant play a joke on law. speak highly of 称赞eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service. say good bye to 告别；告辞eg: I dont want to say good bye to them. take an active part in 积极参加eg: They take an active part in school activities. take care of 照顾；照料；注意eg: Could you take car
4、e of my plants while Im on vacation? 【被动语态】 （一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak Chinese.,谓语：speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English 是动词 speak 的承受者。,（二）被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称
5、、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现 出来的。现以 speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：amisarespoken 一般过去时：waswerespoken 一般将来时：willshall bespoken 现在进行时：amisare beingspoken,1,过去进行时：was/were beingspoken 现在完成时：havehas beenspoken 过去完成时：had been + spoken （三）被动语态的用法 （1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：Some new computers were stolen last night
6、. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的） This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于 1981 年。 （2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。 （四）主动语态变被动语态的方法 （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 （2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的
7、主语的人称和数，以及原来主 动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式）。 （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him. （五）含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由
8、“情态动词be过去分词”构成 We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. It should be done at once. （六）特殊情况 1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday. 2.Mother never lets me watch TV . I am n
9、ever let to watch TV by mother. 3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. （1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now. （2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now. 常见的句型结构： It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）. It is(was)well known
10、that.众所周知 It is(was)taken for granted that.被视为当然 It must be remembered that.务必记住.,2,3,It mustnt be forgotten that.千万别忘记. It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.据说(报道、听说、告知、建议.),二、典型例题 （）1The Olympic Games every four years. A are heldB were held,Care holdingDwill ho1d,（）2. In the art show，
11、a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is givingB is givenC will giveD has given （）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It in. many schools around the world. A. teachesB. is teachingC. has taughtD. is taught （）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in Chin
12、a, as Peoples Writer. A. is regardedB. has regardedC. is regardingD. regards （）5. Usually computers to search the Internet.,D. used,A. useB. are usingC. are used （）6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom every day. A. cleanB. cleans,C. is cleaned,（）7.一Did you hear that water in Ta
13、i Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it .Thats all because of the people and the factories around A pollutedB was pollutedC has pollutedDwas po11ute （）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day , people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)th
14、e earth since Earth Day.,A. is startedB. was started （）9. -I feel very happy that I to be the host. A. chooseB. am chosenC. was chosen,has started -Congratulations! haven chosen,（）10. Many trees and flowers in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden AplantBplantedChave plant
15、edDwere planted （）11.Some famous paintings in the hall next week. A. will showB. were shownC. is shownD. will be shown （）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . A. givenB. will be givenC. has been givenD. gives （）13.-Great changes have taken place in this
16、city. -Right. Many modern tall buildings have been these days. A. turned upB. put upC. shown upD. fixed up,4,（）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.,D. be allowed,A. allowB. be allowC. allowed （）15. Do you often clean your classroom? Yes, our classroom every day. A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleanedD. Cleaned 三、课后练习,（）1Susan, why are you still here? They are all read
