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1、四级考试阅读技巧 句子与段落匹配题,作文（30分钟）,翻译（30分钟）,听力（30分钟）,选词填空（7分钟）,深度阅读（20分钟）,长篇阅读（13分钟）,共130分钟,40分钟,作文(15%),翻译15%,听力(35%),选词填空5%,深度阅读20%,35%,长篇阅读10%,共710分 及格 425分,篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。 三个及三个以上的句子对应一个段落的情况没有出现过。,长篇阅读的文章基本都是专业题材的文章，可能会觉得很陌生，不要求完全理解只要求能够通过略读或
2、查读的方式找到题干的信息并根据原文内容相比做出正确选择。只是有题干和答案简单的同义词替换 。,选材来源,New Scientist Newsweek The New York Times Time The Washington Post,体裁方面 题材方面,议论文 说明文 新闻评述 记叙文,人文科学 自然科学,题型归纳,细节辨认题，文字上和原文一样。（最简单） 同义转述题，即文字上换了同义的表达。（简单） 细节推断题，即句子是从原文某个细节推断出来。（较难） 段意归纳题，即句子是某段文字意思的归纳。 （较难）,阅读步骤:Step1（0.5-1min）,第一步：阅读文章标题和文章重要部位了解文章
3、内容 （Skimming） 1、文章标题 2、首段第一句话 3、末段第一句话和最后一句话 如果句子是非概括性的句子则不看。 主要目的是了解topic和attitude,Example,简单浏览文章标题和文章重要部位，用时越短越好。大致了解文章内容。（Skimming） Title：TV Linked to Lower Marks First sentences in First Paragraph: The effect of television on children has been debated .Now three new studies First Sentence in Las
4、t Paragraph: Lucas puts the responsibility for squarely on parents.,第二步：分析题目+查读（scanning） 1）分析题目 找出题目中的关键词和定位词。 关键词是指题目简化后的中心词，最能表示出句子的含义。 定位词是题目中的专有信息或特殊信息(数字、时间、地点、人物、特殊字体和特殊符号等），它能帮助定位到具体的段落。,阅读步骤:Step2（12min）,1.人名定位 2.地点定位 3.数字定位 4.事件定位 5.现象定位 6.动作引语定位 7.对象定位 8.专有名词定位 9.修饰语定位 10.主题定位,阅读步骤:Step2（
5、12min）,标红为关键词，下划线为定位词 1. According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests. 2. The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics This fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Georgetown and the University of Texas.
6、In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, Which offers certificates for course Completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools.,I The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders, to first grade, 100essays or essay questions.
7、 The system then uses variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers, or automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system Created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical（
8、数字的） rank. J EdX is not the first to use the automated assessment and technology, which dates to early computer in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states-Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West VirginiaAre using some fo
9、rm of the technology in secondary schools, A fifth, Indiana, has experitmented with it. In some cases the software is used as a secondary reader, to check the reliability of the human graders.,K But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost
10、. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology. L Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create massive open online courses, or MOOCs, are also
11、committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally, gravitating（吸引）toward resubmitting the work until they get it right, said Daphne Koller, A comp
12、uter scientist, and a founder of Coursera.,M Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100, 000 prices aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each cat
13、egory. A winner of one of the Hewlett contests, Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software. N One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically, said Victor Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. Its probably impossible to do that with multipl
14、e-choice tests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time. .,O Mark. D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundations contest an automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experi
15、ment. In his view, the technologythough imperfecthas a place in educational sightings. P With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology has tended to come from the nat
16、ions best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools. Q Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could, Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world. ,(46)Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to automated essay grading. (
