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1、初中英语句子成份英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。一： （主谓）二： （主系表）三： （主谓宾）四： （主谓间宾直宾）五： （主谓宾宾补）1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名
2、词等充当。如： The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) Its bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much i
3、s bad for your health.(动名词) 名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。 The deceased died of old age. 死者死于年老。 副词用作主语。如：Now is the time. 现在是时候了 从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。 句子用作主语。如：”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。二谓语 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用
4、it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。.2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： 由单一动词作谓语：We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词：We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She is talki
5、ng with her sister. / I have seen this man before.【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如： (1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水（had a swim 代替了swam） (2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个！（take a look 代替了 look） (3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。（gave a sigh 代替了
6、sighed） (4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。（a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分，彻底的)）3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如： They are workers.(名词) Two and three is five.(数词) The story is very interesting.(形容词) M y jo
7、b(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词) The dish tastes delicious.(形容词) He is here (副词) Its getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hill has turned green. (形容词) All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。（不定式） Im very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意。（过分 Is that wh
8、y you were angry?从句 能做系动词的实义动词： come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词) fell，sound ,smell , look , taste （感观动词） seem, appear (似乎，好像) 例如： 1Our dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了。（Come后常加 easy ,loose natural 等） 2. He fell sick. 他病了。 Keep fit.保重。 Keep作为系动词还常接quiet ，calm ，cool， well，
9、 warm ，silent，clean，dry 3The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。（short , loose , wild , cold 等） 4A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is. 一个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要高些。 4, 宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，是动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如： He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now. (名词) They did nothing th
10、is morning. / I met him on my way home.(代词) I want three./ Please pass me the first. (数词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 8Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗？（从句） 【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如： He bought me a book. Pass me the
11、ball，will you？(间宾直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾间宾) 有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如： I hope to see you again. 有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy
12、，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如： Do you mind my opening the window？ 有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。 a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如： Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来) I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了) b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下 原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止
13、做某事”。如： I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。) The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。 注意：英语中带有宾语的谓语动词叫及物动词，不带宾语的叫不及物动词。及物动词后必须跟上宾语意义才完整，不及物动词本身意义已完整，后面不跟宾语。 You may use my pen. / Do you like fish? ( 及物) Dick swims very well. / The sun rises in the east. (不及物) 不及物动词可加介词再
14、加宾语 We are listening to the music. They are talking to each other.既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词的词： We are growing tomatoes. / Tomatoes grow well in our garden. They left Shanghai yesterday. / They left yesterday. My mother teaches in this school. / She teaches English. We are studying. / We study English. We be
15、gan our lesson at nine. / The lecture began at nine.5. 直接宾语与间接宾语。 有些及物动词可带有两个宾语，其中一个指物（直接宾语），另一个指人（间接宾语）。我们称为双宾语。 动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）He lent me a book. / He bought me a pen. / I have taught myself English for ten years. 动词+直接宾语（物）+（to, for）+间接宾语（人）He gave his son some advice. = He gave some advice to his son.Father bought me a computer. = Father bought a computer for me. 宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所
