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1、倒装,1. 在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时由于语法结构的需要，或者为了强调，谓语的全部或一部分要提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做倒装。,2. 倒装的种类: 全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前. 部分倒装是把助动词.情态动词或be动词放在主语之前.,倒装的几种情况:,在疑问句中 Do you speak English ？,2. 在there be 结构中(be可以换成表示存在的动词 live, stand, lie, come, exist 等) There stand a lot of tall trees in our school. Long long ago ,t
2、here lived a king.,3. 直接引语的一部分或全部放句首时,有时也倒装. “She looks quiet enough, doesnt she ?” said one of them.,4. 在以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等副词开头,谓语动词为 be, come, go, run, walk, rush, fall 或者以 then, now 开头,谓语动词为 come, follow, begin, end, be等, 主语又是名词,主谓要用完全倒装. There goes the bell. Away walked the s
3、tranger. Here comes the bus. Now comes your turn. Out ran two little boys. Then followed a shot of gun.,完全倒装,5.当句首为表示地点的介词短语时，如果句子的主语为名词，那么句子的主语和谓语完全倒装。 Outside the classroom stood an old man. On the wall hangs a large map of China. East of the town lies a beautiful lake. They arrived at a house, in
4、 front of which sat a small boy.,但: In the armchair she sat. Look! Here they come.,8. Only所修饰的副词,介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,主句用部分倒装. Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. Only by working hard can you succeed. Only when he told me about the news did I know the truth.,9. 在以often, always, once
5、, many a time, now and then, every other day, every two hours等频率副词以及well, thus等作状语位于句首时,用部分倒装. Many a time has he given me good advice. Thus was it stolen.,部分倒装,10.当 never, never before, not , no, little, seldom, nowhere, hardly /scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, not onlybut also, not until, by no means(
6、决不), in no case, in no way, in no time, no longer 等表示否定或半否定意义的副词.介词短语.连词等放在句首时, 用部分倒装. No sooner had he got to school than he set out to copy others homework. Not until a week later did he receive the letter. ( 当Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。) In no way can theory be separated from practice.,11.以so,
7、neither, nor开头的句子或分句中,表示某人.某事或某种情况与前面提到的相同,此结构的主谓部分倒装. I can speak English, (and) so can you. You speak English well, so does he. I have never heard of such a thing, Neither has she. Tom didnt finish his homework. Nor did Jane.,注意: 1. 表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定,其主语与上文主语相同时, 这种结构的主谓不倒装. - Your father smoked a lo
8、t. - So he did.,2. 若前一分句中包含不同种类的动词,而后一分句所说情况也符合前文所说情况(肯定或否定均可),常用句型: It is / was the same with 或 So it is / was with Jack is a student and studies in China. So it is with Green.,12.在so + adj./adv. + that 结构中,若So + adj./adv. 放在句首,主句用部分倒装.(suchthat结构一样) So small was the mark that I could hardly see it
9、. Such a well-known man is he that everyone wants to take a photo with him.,13. If 引导的虚拟条件句, 可省略if, 把should, had 或 were 放在主语前. Should it rain, the crops would grow better. Were I your father, I would not give you the money. Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk.,注：such和be连用作表语时，也
10、常用倒装语序，如： Such was the result. Such was the story he told.,不倒置主谓语序的倒装结构,1.在由as/though”尽管”引导的让步状语从句中, 常将从句中的表语或副词状语调到句首,但从句的主谓语序不倒装. Young as / though he is, he knows a lot. Much as the child wanted it, he didnt dare to say so,2. however / no matter how 等引导的让步状语从句中,常将从句中的形容词.副词提到句首,紧跟在however 之后,但从句的主谓语序不倒装. However difficult computer science is, I will try my best to master it.,注意： 句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。 Scientist as he is, he remains modest. Try as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.,
