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1、James Naismith Father of Basketball,Angela Lumpkin University of Kansas,1,课资分享,His Early Years,He was born on November 6, 1861, in Almonte, Ontario, Canada, the son of Scottish immigrants (John and Margaret Young Naismith). He attended a one-room schoolhouse in Bennies Corners near Almonte, where he
2、 developed strength and skill in physical activities. He became an orphan at age nine (along with older sister Annie and younger brother Robert) when his parents died from typhoid fever. He was then raised by his unmarried uncle, Peter Young, and learned lessons from him in honesty, initiative, reli
3、ability, and self-reliance.,2,课资分享,His Education,He graduated from Almonte High School in 1883, but only after dropping out and working for four years. He earned his B.A. in physical education from McGill University in Montreal in 1887. He graduated from Presbyterian College of Theology in 1890 (whi
4、le teaching physical education at McGill). He attended the YWCA Training School in 1890-1892, serving on the faculty from 1891-1895. (It was there in 1891 he invented basketball). He earned his medical degree between 1895-1898 while serving as Physical Director of the YMCA in Denver.,3,课资分享,James Na
5、ismith, Student,McGill UniversityLiterary Society; debater; cited for Honors in Hebrew and philosophy and was one of the top ten in his class when he graduated at age 25 Presbyterian Collegehe was associate editor of the Presbyterian College Journal; president of the Philosophical and Literary Socie
6、ty; active in the Missionary Society; each year, he was recognized as the second highest academically in his class YMCA Training Schoolhe was so competent that he joined the faculty while completing the two-year program (committed to development of whole man) Gross Medical Collegegraduated at age 37
7、 while working full-time,4,课资分享,James Naismith, Athlete,McGill Universitygymnastics; rugby; lacrosse; he won the top medal as the all-around gymnastics champion in his junior and senior years Presbyterian Collegerugby Played for the Shamrocks, a professional lacrosse team While a theology student, h
8、e began to consider how he might help men through athletics, rather than the ministry. YMCA Training Schoolplayed rugby and football Played basketball only twiceonce at the YMCA Training School (1892) and once at KU (1898),5,课资分享,Need for a New Game,Structured gymnastics work was not exciting or enj
9、oyable. A new, interesting game was needed. There was no competitive game for the winter months (between football and baseball seasons). The first players, who were in a class for preparing YMCA secretaries, seemed to be interested in participating only in something playful, yet competitive. Naismit
10、h told Dr. Luther Gulick, who assigned him the class, “All that we have to do is to take the factors of our known games and recombine them, and we will have the game we are looking for.” (p. 33) He tried modifications of football, soccer, and lacrosse but without success.,6,课资分享,Take the Best from t
11、he Rest,All team games used a ball; a bigger, lighter ball was easier to handle; could be easily caught and thrown; and no other equipment needed. To eliminate roughness, tackling, and physical contact, there could be no running with the ball, other than the steps needed to stop. To advance the ball
12、, a player would have to throw or bat it with his hand, not fist, in any direction. Remembering the lobbed, arching shots from Duck on the Rock and to prevent men from defending a goal on the floor, the objective of the game should be to throw the ball at a elevated box above their heads. Starting t
13、he game by throwing the ball up between just two players would reduce roughness.,7,课资分享,The Circumstances,No basketball, so a soccer ball was used No boxes available, but had two peach baskets No standard for the baskets, so the baskets were nailed to the balcony (which just happened to be 10 high)
14、There were 18 students in the class, so the first game was played with 3 forwards, 3 centers, and 3 backs on each team,8,课资分享,December 15, 1891,“The game was success from the time that the first ball was tossed up. The players were interested and seemed to enjoy the game. Word soon got around that t
15、hey were having fun in Naismiths gym class, and only a few days after the first game we began to have a gallery.” (p. 57),9,课资分享,In the Beginning,A student who played in the first game suggested that the name of the new game should be “Naismith ball.” The inventor declined saying that name would kil
16、l the game. So the student suggested “basketball.” Females played basketball almost immediately (on an early team was Maude Sherman, the future Mrs. Naismith). The first rules (the original 13) were published in the YMCAs school newspaper, the “Triangle,” in January of 1892 under the heading “A New Game.” This new game was spread by the YMCA as international students took the game home from their studies at the YMCA Training School. The rules were published in m
