《供应链管理全套课程教学课件1》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《供应链管理全套课程教学课件1（484页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1-1,Supply Chain Management(3rd Edition),Chapter 1Understanding the Supply Chain,1-2,Traditional View: Logistics in the Economy (1990, 1996),Freight Transportation$352, $455 Billion Inventory Expense$221, $311 Billion Administrative Expense$27, $31 Billion Logistics Related Activity 11%, 10.5% of GN
2、P,Source: Cass Logistics,1-3,Traditional View: Logistics in the Manufacturing Firm,Profit4% Logistics Cost21% Marketing Cost27% Manufacturing Cost48%,Profit,Logistics Cost,Marketing Cost,Manufacturing Cost,1-4,Supply Chain Management: The Magnitude in the Traditional View,Estimated that the grocery
3、industry could save $30 billion (10% of operating cost) by using effective logistics and supply chain strategies A typical box of cereal spends 104 days from factory to sale A typical car spends 15 days from factory to dealership Laura Ashley turns its inventory 10 times a year, five times faster th
4、an 3 years ago,1-5,Supply Chain Management: The True Magnitude,Compaq estimates it lost $.5 billion to $1 billion in sales in 1995 because laptops were not available when and where needed When the 1 gig processor was introduced by AMD, the price of the 800 mb processor dropped by 30% P R = throughpu
5、t; T = flow time Example Inventory and throughput are “synonymous” in a supply chain,3-73,Inventory: Role in Competitive Strategy,If responsiveness is a strategic competitive priority, a firm can locate larger amounts of inventory closer to customers If cost is more important, inventory can be reduc
6、ed to make the firm more efficient Trade-off Example 3.2 Nordstrom,3-74,Components of Inventory Decisions,Cycle inventory Average amount of inventory used to satisfy demand between shipments Depends on lot size Safety inventory inventory held in case demand exceeds expectations costs of carrying too
7、 much inventory versus cost of losing sales Seasonal inventory inventory built up to counter predictable variability in demand cost of carrying additional inventory versus cost of flexible production Overall trade-off: Responsiveness versus efficiency more inventory: greater responsiveness but great
8、er cost less inventory: lower cost but lower responsiveness,3-75,Transportation,Role in the supply chain Role in the competitive strategy Components of transportation decisions,3-76,Transportation: Role inthe Supply Chain,Moves the product between stages in the supply chain Impact on responsiveness
9、and efficiency Faster transportation allows greater responsiveness but lower efficiency Also affects inventory and facilities,3-77,Transportation: Role in the Competitive Strategy,If responsiveness is a strategic competitive priority, then faster transportation modes can provide greater responsivene
10、ss to customers who are willing to pay for it Can also use slower transportation modes for customers whose priority is price (cost) Can also consider both inventory and transportation to find the right balance Example 3.3: Laura Ashley,3-78,Components ofTransportation Decisions,Mode of transportatio
11、n: air, truck, rail, ship, pipeline, electronic transportation vary in cost, speed, size of shipment, flexibility Route and network selection route: path along which a product is shipped network: collection of locations and routes In-house or outsource Overall trade-off: Responsiveness versus effici
12、ency,3-79,Information,Role in the supply chain Role in the competitive strategy Components of information decisions,3-80,Information: Role inthe Supply Chain,The connection between the various stages in the supply chain allows coordination between stages Crucial to daily operation of each stage in a
13、 supply chain e.g., production scheduling, inventory levels,3-81,Information: Role in the Competitive Strategy,Allows supply chain to become more efficient and more responsive at the same time (reduces the need for a trade-off) Information technology What information is most valuable? Example 3.4: A
14、ndersen Windows Example 3.5: Dell,3-82,Components of Information Decisions,Push (MRP) versus pull (demand information transmitted quickly throughout the supply chain) Coordination and information sharing Forecasting and aggregate planning Enabling technologies EDI Internet ERP systems Supply Chain M
15、anagement software Overall trade-off: Responsiveness versus efficiency,3-83,Sourcing,Role in the supply chain Role in the competitive strategy Components of sourcing decisions,3-84,Sourcing: Role inthe Supply Chain,Set of business processes required to purchase goods and services in a supply chain S
16、upplier selection, single vs. multiple suppliers, contract negotiation,3-85,Sourcing: Role in the Competitive Strategy,Sourcing decisions are crucial because they affect the level of efficiency and responsiveness in a supply chain In-house vs. outsource decisions- improving efficiency and responsiveness Example 3.6: Cisco,3-86,Components of Sourcing Decisions,In-house versus outsource decisions Supplier evaluation and selection Procurement process Overall trade-off: Increase the supply chain
