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1、语法专题：现在完成时和初中时态小结a. 读故事，悟语法 现在完成时的理解【You have lost your whole life.】Once a learned man was in a boat. He was going to cross the river.“Do you know math?” he asked the boating man. “No, sir,” the boatman answered.“Then you have lost one quarter of your life,” said the learned man.“Do you know history
2、?” he asked again. “No, sir,” said the boatman.“Then you have lost half of your life,” said the learned man.“Do you know painting?” he continued. “I dont know that, either,” said the boatman.“Then you have lost three quarters of your life.”Just then a strong wind came and turned the boat upside down
3、.“Do you know how to swim?” asked the boatman. “No,” answered the learned man.“Well then,” said the boatman, “you have lost your whole life.”【A birthday present】Helen: Mum, Im going to send you a present for your birthday? Mum: Thanks, dear! What is it?Helen: A nice teapot. Mum: But Ive got a nice t
4、eapot.Helen: No, you havent. Ive just broken it!【A terrible tennis player】When Alan was young, he played football a lot, and he was very good at it, but then he went and worked in a town, and there was no team for him there, so he stopped playing. Then he began to get fat, so he thought, “Ive stoppe
5、d playing football, and now Im getting fat. What am I going to do?” He thought about it for a few days, and then he said to himself, “I know Ill play tennis.” He had a few lessons, and then played for a few days. He met a nice girl at the tennis club one day, and they played a game of tennis against
6、 another man and woman. Alan played very badly, and was very angry with himself. “Ive never played as badly as this before,” he said to the girl.“Oh,” she said. “You have played before, havent you?” 【I didnt want to walk home.】Mrs. Browns old grandfather lived with her and her husband. Every morning
7、 he went for a walk in the park and came home at half past twelve for his lunch. But one morning a police car stopped outside Mrs. Browns house at twelve oclock, and two policemen helped Mr. Brown to get out. One of them said to Mrs. Brown, “The poor old gentleman lost his way in the park and teleph
8、oned to us for help, so we sent a car to bring him home.” Mrs. Brown was very surprised, but she thanked the policemen and they left. “But, Grandfather,” she then said, “you have been to that park nearly every day for twenty years. How did you lose your way there?” The old man smiled, closed one eye
9、 and said, “I didnt quite lose my way. I just got tired and I didnt want to walk home.”【Everything will soon be all right.】An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man, and he quickly ran out of all the money, so that soon he had nothing left. Of course, when
10、that happened, all his friends left him. When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles. “My money has finished and my friends have gone,” said the young man. “What will happen to me now?” “Dont worry, young m
11、an,” answered Nasreddin. “Everything will soon be all right again. Wait, and you will soon feel much happier.” The young man was very glad. “Am I going to get rich again then?” he asked Nasreddin. “No, I didnt mean that,” said the old man. “I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to h
12、aving no friends.”【How many lights are there?】In England nobody under the age of eighteen is allowed to drink in a public bar. Mr. Thompson used to go to a bar near his house quite often, but he never took his son, Tom, because he was too young. Then when Tom had his eighteenth birthday, Mr. Thompso
13、n took him to his usual bar for the first time.They drank for half an hour, and then Mr. Thompson said to his son, “Now, Tom, I want to teach you a useful lesson. You must always be careful not to drink too much. And how do you know when youve had enough? Well, Ill tell you. Do you see those two lig
14、hts at the end of the bar? When they seem to have become four, youve had enough and should go home.” “But, Dad,” said Tom, “I can only see one light at the end of the bar.”b. 现在完成时时态解析1. 现在完成时的含义基本格式: I/We/They have done He/She/It has done （1）表示已经/曾经做过了某事（“已经”/“曾经”）：动作已完成，不再持续。 I have done/finished
15、my homework already.He has been to Beijing (three times).（2）表示持续（“已经”）：一个动作（或开始的状态）开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或者可能还要继续下去（也可能到此结束）。He has been/lived in Jining since 10 years ago / for 10 years.（3）表示影响或结果（“已经”）：一个过去发生的动作已经完成，并且对现在仍有影响或产生了结果。He has left Jining already. = He has been away from Jining already.He has gone to Beijing. 2. 现在完成时表示的时间范畴 2019-12-31 2018-12-31 2027-12-313. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（1）He lived in Jining for ten years. He has lived in Jining for ten years. （2）I saw him 10 years ago. I have seen him 10 year
