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1、The Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,英语动词有 种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气,用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,三,虚拟语气的应用,A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用 C. 虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用,A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用,条件句中虚拟语气的考点 1、基本用法； 2、 混合条件句； 3、虚拟条件句的省略和倒装 4、含蓄条件句;,主从句的谓语形式,时间,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,将来,did / were,had done,would/c
2、ould/should/might +V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+done.,1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do,would/could/should/might + V.(原),与现在事实相反：,did,be-were,should/would/could/might + do,与事实相反！,1) If he has time,he will go shopping tonight.,2) If I had time,I would visit you.,与过去事实相反,had done,should/
3、would/might/could +have +done,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,If you your father advice,had taken,You in the traffic jam now.,wouldnt have trapped,与将来事实相反,did/ were,should do,were to do,should/would/could/ might +do,表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) +
4、动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。,明天要是周日的话，我们就不参加考试了。,If it should fail, I would try again.,要是失败了，我会再试一次。,If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldnt have an exam.,主从句的谓语形式,时间,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,将来,did / were,had done,would/could/should/might +V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+d
5、one.,1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do,would/could/should/might + V.(原),If虚拟句的省略和倒装,如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以省略if倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他,Were I you, ,Had he been there yesterday, ,Should it snow tomorrow, ,If I were you, I would try it again.,If he had been there yesterday, he woul
6、d have seen the film.,If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,如果我是你，我会再试一次。,如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那部电影了。,如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。,4.If it _ _ (rain) tomorrow, we _(not go out). 5._(be) I in good health, I _ (go) with you tomorrow.,rained/ should rain/ were to rain,would not go out,Were,would/should go,含蓄条件句,
7、有时 假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，如，otherwise, without, but for等，或者从上下文中表示出来，这种情况叫含蓄条件句，主句要用虚拟语气。,Eg. Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. 1.I was ill that day. 0therwise, I _ (take ) part in the sports meet. 2.I _ (give) you more help, but I was too busy. 3.A man w
8、ho stopped drinking _ (be) dead in seven days. 4.But for water, it _ (be) impossible to live in the desert.,would have taken,might have given,would be,would be,This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中),He studied hard at high school, or he coul
9、dnt have entered Beijing University. (暗含条件是连词or),Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含条件是alone),1. 条件暗含在短语中。如：,What would I have done without you? (条件暗含在分词短语without you中),It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中),But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the exper
10、iment. (暗含条件是but for your help),B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用,虚拟语气的常考形式：,一坚持,二命令,四建议,五要求,一 .名词性从句中的虚拟语气,insist,order / command,suggest / advise / propose / recommend,desire / demand / request / require / ask,名词性从句中的虚拟语气,should do! should do! should do!,1“坚持” insist 2“命令” order, command 3“建议” advise, suggest, pro
11、pose, recommend 4“要求” ask, demand, require, request, desire + (that) sb (should) do . 或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done,宾语从句,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚持要我与他同行。 他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。 老师要求作业要及时完成。,We suggested _ .,(that) Tom have a rest,He insisted _ .,(that) I (should ) go with him,They requested (that) Tom _ .,(s
12、hould) be sent to work there,The teacher asked (that) our homework _ .,(should) be finished in time,It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) do,It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday.,(一). 主语从句,that不可省略,这些动词相对应的名词性从句也
13、用should do,The / Ones insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) do,(二).表语从句,The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday.,that不可省略,a / the suggestion / r
14、equest (等) that (should) do ,She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once. The teacher gives us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.,(三）.同位语从句,that不可省略,Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once . The old womans demand is that her son (sh
15、ould) come to see her once a week. We are in favor of the advice that the factory (should) be closed down.,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,He insisted that he was not a thief and that he be set free.,Her pale face suggested she was ill.,注意：若insist表示“坚持说”，suggest 表示“表明了，暗示了”，后面是宾语从句用陈述语气,他命令用专机送药品。,(一) 两个常考虚拟语气句型,If it werent for, 要不是 (固定句式),与现在事实相反,If it hadnt been for,与过去事实相反,but for,二. 虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式,If it were not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now. = Were it not for lacking money, If it had not been for your
