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1、三、复合句(主句+连词+ 从句)包含一个主句，一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一 成分，如主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语等。1.主语从句主语从句就是从句作主语。它可作谓语动词的主语，也可作分词的主语。主语从句有三种：(1)由 that 引导：It is impolite that you talked so loud in the restaurant.你们在餐馆那么大声音说话是极不礼貌的。It is a great surprise that she won the champion.她得了冠军，真是令人惊异。(2)由 what, whatever 和 whoe
2、ver 等代词引导：What she said just now is correct.她刚才说的话很对。What caused the air disaster is under the investigation.究竟是什么导致了这次空难，正在调查。Whatever you have seen must be kept in your mind.不管你看到什么，都要记在心里。Whoever breaks the world record will get one million yuan as an a ward.任何打破世界纪录的人将得到一百万元奖金。(3)由连接副词 whether,
3、how, when, why, where 引导：When the sports meet will be held isnt decided.什么时候开运动会还没有定下来。Whether she can pass the exam is not sure.她是否能够通过考试还没有把握。How he arrived there is unknown to anybody.他是如何到达那里的，没有人知道。Why the fire broke out here in the workshop remains a mystery.车间这里为什么会发生火灾仍是个谜。注意：当主语从句过长而谓语较短时，通
4、常用代词 it 作形式主语， 而把从句放在句尾。It remains a mystery that the air disaster took place that day.那天发生的空难仍然是个谜。It is uncertain whether well attend the meeting or not .我们是否参加那个会议还没有确定。2.宾语从句这类从句常是这种结构：主句+引导句+从句，从句中始终用陈述语序。(1)由 that 引导(通常 that 可以省略 )She is very sure that she can work out the problem.她确信她能解出这道题。S
5、he told me that she could finish it herself.她跟我说她可以自己完成这件工作。(2)由 what, who, which 等关系代词引导We dont understand what you said just now.我们不明白你刚才说的话。Tell me which you want?告诉我你要哪一个?Do you know who is the man over there?你知道那边那个人是谁吗?(3)由 how, when, why, where 引导宾语从句They wanted to know when the building woul
6、d be set up.他们想要知道这座楼房何时建成。Will you please tell me how I can get to the park?请告诉我怎么走才能到公园好吗?I wonder where she is now.我想知道她现在在哪儿?I dont know why you dislike physics.我不知道为什么你讨厌物理。(4)一些形容词之后所接的句子也是宾语从句。这些形容词有：glad, sorry, sure , afraid, worried, angry, aware, confident 等。Im glad that youve helped me a
7、 lot.很高兴你给我这么大的帮助。We are confident that we can beat them.我们有信心打败他们。The father was angry that his son failed to pass the maths exam.这位父亲对他的儿子数学不及格很恼火。Im not sure if she has finished the painting.我不清楚她是否完成了那幅作品。注意：当宾语从句过长时，可用 it 作形式宾语而将从句放在句子后 面。She thought it pity that I had missed the chance.她认为我错过了
8、那个机会非常可惜。I found it very easy that I worked out the problem .我觉得很容易地就做出了这道难题。The manager made it clear that your idea was impossible .经理已明白地指出你的想法不能实现。3.定语从句以从句的形式修饰或限定主句中的名词、代词、短语等的句子，叫作定语从句。定语从句通常用关系词(关系代词和关系副词 )把它与主句连接起来。它在句中所修饰和限定 的词或短语称为先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有：who(指人，在从句中作主语或宾语 )，whom(指人，作宾语) ，whose(指
9、人，作定语 )，that(可指人或物) ，which(指物)。引导定语从句的关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点)，why( 指原因)。这些关系副词 相当于(介词+which) 。例如：when=in(on，at，during)+whichwhere=in(at，to)+whichwhy=for which(1)关系代词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。作主语：The woman who is talking to the teacher is her mother.正在跟老师说话的那个女人是她的母亲。The boy who played the pian
10、o on the stage yesterday is Mr. Lis s on.昨天在台上弹钢琴的那个男孩儿是李先生的儿子。作定语：Chaplin was a great actor whose name is well known all over the world.卓别林是一位闻名于全世界的伟大的演员。Do you know the man whose son is your schoolmate?你认识那个他的儿子是你同学的男人吗?作宾语：I am looking for the bike (that) I put here yesterday.)我正在找昨天我放在这里的自行车。Th
11、ese are the reference books (that) I bought for you yesterday.这些是我昨天给你买的参考书。作状语：指时间：Jack wasted much time on those days when he was in the middle school.杰克上中学的时候，浪费了许多时光。It was in 1937 when Japanese soldiers broke into the city Beiping.日本鬼子闯入北平城是在一九三七年。指地点：This is the place where the composer Beetho
12、ven was born.这就是作曲家贝多芬出生的地方。Have you been to the seaside where we can enjoy swimming?你去过那处我们可以尽情游泳的海滨吗?指原因：Do you know (the reason) why she was so sad?你知道她为什么这样伤心吗?Who can tell me why its so unfair?谁能告诉我为什么老天爷如此不公平?Thats(the reason)why he was absent.这就是他缺席的原因。注意： 当先行词被 first，last 这类词或最高级修饰时，一律都用 tha
13、t 而不用 which 或who (不管 先行词是指人还是物)。This is the most beautiful picture that I have ever seen!这是我所看见过的最美的画!Im the only one that you can rely on.我是你唯一能够依靠的人。当先行词为all， no， any，only，little，much，something，anything，nothing，everything 等不定代词的时候，必须用 that 作引导词引导定语从句。There is nothing that she can say to you.她对你没有什
14、么话可说。She is not interested in anything (that) he has told her.她对他告诉她的任何事情都不感兴趣。(2)介词前置的定语从句关系代词 which 和 whom 还可以作介词的宾语，这时要把介词放在整个定语从句的前面。Is this the school in which you studies?(in which=where)这是你上学的学校吗?The man on whom the whole family rely died in a traffic accident yesterday.那个全家人依靠的顶梁柱昨天死于一场交通事故。
15、关系代词 that 和关系副词 when，where 等都不能作介词的宾语。The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago.他们现在正居住的房子是 50 年以前建的。(不能说：The house in that they are living w as built 50 years ago.)如果不用关系词，介词要放在从句句尾。The house they are living in was built 50 years ago.他们现在居住的房子建于 50 年以前。(3)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句从句与主句关系密切，没
16、有从句主句不能成立，这样的句子为限制性定语从句；从句与主句关系松散，对主句只起补充和说明的作用，没有从句主句仍然成立，这样的句 子叫非限制性定语从句。该从句要用逗号与主句分开。Her boyfriend who is working abroad will return home next week.(限制性从句)她的在国外工作的男友下周要回国。Her boyfriend, who works abroad, will return home next week.(非限制性从句)她的男友下周回国，他在国外工作。(补充说明她的男友在国外工作这一情况)Those boys and girls who wanted to go hiking were very joyful.想去野游的同学们都非常高兴。Those boys and girls, who wanted to go hiking, were very joyful.那些同学很高兴，他们要去野游。4.表语从句以从句的形式作表语，叫表语从句。表语从句常以 that
