《2020高考英语易错语法点30题专题11主谓一致(解析版)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2020高考英语易错语法点30题专题11主谓一致(解析版)（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、高考语法复习11 主谓一致 【走进高考】 1. 【2019 江苏卷 单项填空】22.The musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 【答案】 B 【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了 十场演出。由 “in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD 选项。本句主语为the musicia
2、n，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“ along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人 称单数形式。故选 B。 【语法精讲】 题型典题试做考点解读 语法填空 (2018 全国卷 )While running regularly can t make you live forever, the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. (2017 全国卷 )When fat and salt are removed(re
3、move) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. (2017 全国卷 )Fast food is(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. (2016 全国卷 )Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable. (全国卷 )This c
4、ycle goes(go) day after day ： The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset( 抵消 ) for the outside temperatures. 近几年高考对主谓一 致的考查主要在语法 一致和意义一致，就 近一致相对来说考查 较少，并且高考常常 将主谓一致与动词的 时态、语态结合起来 进行综合考查 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原 则和就近一致原则。 考点一
5、 语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 (湖南卷 )All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health. 所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。 What he said is far from the truth. 他的话与事实相差太远了。 2主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well
6、as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师一样去年得到了一次出国的机会。 I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不
7、是你该为这起事故负责任。 3and, both.and.连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and 连接的两个名词表示 同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting- room. 她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。 The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。 4定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the town, which
8、was very kind of him. 我的朋友真是太好了，他带我参观了这个小镇。 5“ many a/more than one单数名词 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语 时，即使有and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的
9、聚会。 对点演练 单句语法填空 1(湖南卷 )Listening to loud music at rock concerts has(have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers. 考点二 意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员， 谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience 等。 T
10、he whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls, were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday. 这个班由20 个男生和15 个女生组成，昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会。 形式为单数但意义为复数概念的集合名词(如 people, police 等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 2“ 分数 /百分数 /the majority of名词 ” 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后名词的数以及其表
11、 示的意义； all, some, half, most, the rest 等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3 值得一读。 Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。 3“ the 形容词 ” 表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the
12、 lost have been found. 病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。 4a quantity of 后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后名词的数 以及其表示的意义。quantities of 后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 A quantity of time has been wasted on the project. Quantities of time have been wasted on the project. 大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。 5“ a number of 复数名词 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用复
13、数形式，“ the number of 复数名词 ” 作主语时，谓 语动词用单数形式。 The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 收到邀请的总共有100 人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。 6表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说，3 000 美元是一笔大数目。 对点演练
14、单句语法填空 1(山东卷 )The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has(have) been rising steadily since 1990. 2(湖南卷 )We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks is(be) so small that a day is unimportant. 考点三 就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 1由 or, either.o
15、r., neither.nor., not only.but (also) ., not.but.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常 与最近的主语保持一致。 Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons. 不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。 (湖南卷 )Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你的一名学
16、生应该出席明天的会议。 2在 there be句型中，若有n 个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 对点演练 单句语法填空 1(2019 南昌重点中学段考)It is not I but you who are(be) the first to run to the goal in that competition. 2(2019 广东七校联考 )Neither he nor I am(be) willing to go shopping with you today because of so much work to do. 正确判断主谓一致 分析句子成分，找准句子主语，判断句子主语是单数还是复数。再根据主谓一致的三个原则：语法一 致原则、意义一致原则及就近一致原则判断谓语动词
