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1、静电纺丝技术论文：稀土钙钛矿型氧化物纳米带的制备及光催化性质研究【中文摘要】稀土钙钛矿型复合氧化物具有稳定的晶体结构和优 异的物化性能，在固体燃料电池、固体电解质、传感器和催化等领域 受到越来越多的关注，特别是在光催化领域，成为人们研究的热点。静 电纺丝技术是一种制备纳米材料的较新的方法，目前已被用于制备多 种一维纳米材料。采用静电纺丝技术制备稀土钙钛矿型复合氧化物纳 米带是一个重要而迫切的课题。本论文中采用溶胶 -凝胶法与静电纺 丝技术相结合，以无机盐为原料，PVP为模板剂，DMF为溶剂，制备了一 系列PVP死机盐复合纳米带，在600C-800 C进行热处理，得到钙钛 矿型复合氧化物LaMO
2、3(M=Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Al) 纳米带，采用差 热-热重(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微(FE-SEM、 能谱(EDS)和红外光谱(FTIR)等测试技术对样品进行了表征。结果表 明,所制备的复合纳米带表面光滑平整，宽度均匀，约7-19诉m,厚 300-600nm LaCrO3和LaFeO袈内米带为正交晶系，宽约2-8 m,厚度 约为1OOnmLaMnO3 LaCoO3 LaNiO3和LaAlO3纳米带为三方晶系， 宽度约为2-7 v m,厚约100nm钙钛矿型氧化物纳米带表面粗糙，宽度 和厚度有所减小。以罗丹明 B为目标降解物研究了 LaMO3
3、(M=Cr, Fe) 纳米带在紫外灯激发下的光催化活性，LaCrO3(800 C)纳米带光照 200min后对罗丹明B的降解率为94.55%; LaFeO3(800C)纳米带光照 180min后对罗丹明B的降解率为89.56%。讨论了 LaMO醐米带的形 成机理,获得了一些有意义的新结果。【英文摘要】 Rare earth perovskite-typed composite oxides(ABO3) are newtypes of inorganic non-metallic materials with stable crystal structure and unique physica
4、l and chemical properties. They have drawn more and more attention of scientists in the field of solid fuel cell, solid electrolyte, sensor and catalysis, especially in photocatalysis.Electrospinning is a new method for preparation of nanomaterials and a lot of one-dimensional nanomaterials have bee
5、n prepared by electrospinning. It is an important and urgent research subject to fabricate rare earth perovskite-type oxides nanobelts via electrospinning technique.In this dissertation, inorganic metallic salts were used as raw materials, PVP was employed as template and DMF as solvent.PVP/metallic
6、 salts composite nanobelts were fabricated by combination of sol-gel and electrospinning.LaM03(M=Cr,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Al) nanobelts were prepared by calcination of the relevant composite nanobelts at 600 C -800 C The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA),X-r
7、ay diffractometry(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM).energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). It is found that the composite nanobelts were smooth and uniform, and the width and thickness are 7-19 m and 300-600nm, respectively. LaCrO3 and LaFeO3 nan
8、obelts obtained were orthorhombic in structure which width was 2-8 i mand thickness was ca. 100nm; LaMnO3.LaCoO3. LaNiO3 and LaAlO3 nanobelts were rhombohedral system which were 2-7 it m in width and ca. 100nm in thickness. And the rare earth perovskite oxides nanobelts became rougher, narrower and
9、thinner than the relevant composite nanobelts.Thephotocatalytic activities of LaMO3(M=Cr, Fe) nanobelts were studied by taking rhodamine B as degradation agent under illumination of ultraviolet ray. Under the existence ofLaCrO3(800C) nanobelts, the degradation rate of rhodamine B reaches 94.55% afte
10、r illuminated for 200min; under theexistence of LaFeO3(800C) nanobelts. the degradation rate of rhodamine B reaches 89.56% after illuminated for 180min.The formation mechanism of LaMO3 nanobelts was also discussed and some new meaningful results are obtained.【关键词】静电纺丝技术 稀土 钙钛矿纳米带光催化【英文关键词Electrospin
11、ning Rare earthPerovskite Nanobelts Photocatalysis【目录】稀土钙钛矿型氧化物纳米带的制备及光催化性质研究摘要4-5 ABSTRACT 目录6-9 第一章 绪论9-23 1.1静 电纺丝技术9-111.1.1静电纺丝技术基本概念 9-101.1.2静电纺丝技术研究进展10-11 1.2稀土钙钛矿型氧化物纳米材料11-211.2.1稀土钙钛矿型氧化物结构特点11-131.2.2稀土钙钛矿型氧化物纳米材料研究进展13-191.2.3稀土钙钛矿型氧化物纳米材料的应用19-211.3纳米带的研究进展 21-221.4本课题研究目的及意义 22-23 第二
12、章实验试剂、仪器及表征方法23-252.1主要实验试剂23 2.2实验仪器23 2.3表征方法23-252.3.1 差热-热重(TG-DTA冷析23 2.3.2 X 射线衍射(XRD冷析23-242.3.3场发射扫描电子显微分析 242.3.4能量色散谱分析24 2.3.5红外光谱分析24 2.3.6紫外-可见光 谱分析24-25 第三章LaCrO_4和LaCrO_3纳米带的制备、表征及 其光催化性质研究25-353.1概述25 3.2实验部分25-263.2.1 前驱体溶胶的制备 25-263.2.2 静电纺丝技术制备 PVP/La(NO_3)3+Cr(NO_3)_3复合纳米带 26 3.2
13、.3 LaCrO_4和 LaCrO_3纳米带的制备263.2.4光催化活性评价26 3.3结果与讨论 26-333.3.1 TG-DTA 分析 26-273.3.2 XRD 分析27-283.3.3 SEM 分析 28-293.3.4 EDS 分析 29-303.3.5FTIR分析30-313.3.6 LaCrO_4纳米带和LaCrO_3纳米带的光催化活性分析31-323.3.7 LaCrO_坐内米带和LaCrO_3纳米带的可能形成机理32-333.4本章小结33-35 第四章LaFeO_3纳米带的制备、表征及其光催化性质研究 35-444.1概述35 4.2实验制备 PVP/La(NO_3)
14、_3+Fe(NO_3)_3复合纳米带 35-364.2.3LaFeO艾纳米带的制备36 4.2.4光催化活性评价 36 4.3结果 与讨论 36-424.3.1 TG-DTA 分析 36-374.3.2 XRD 分析37-384.3.3 SEM 分析 38-394.3.4 EDS 分析 39-404.3.5FTIR分析40-414.3.6 LaFeO_3纳米带的光催化活性分析41-424.4 本章小结 42-44 第五章La_(1-x)Ca_xMnO_3(x=0,0.2)纳米带的制备和表征 44-515.1 概述44 5.2实验过程44-455.2.1前驱体溶胶的制备445.2.2静电纺丝技术
15、制备复合纳米带44 5.2.3La_(1-x)Ca_xMnO_3(x=0,0.2)纳米带的制备 44-455.3 结果与讨论 45-495.3.1 TG-DTA析 45 5.3.2 XR盼析 45-465.3.3SE册析 46-485.3.4 EDS 分析 48-495.4 本章小结 49-51第六章LaCoO_3纳米带的制备和表征 51-566.1概述516.2实验部分51-526.2.1前驱体溶胶的制备 516.2.2静电纺丝技术制备 PVP/La(NO_3)_3+Co(NO_3)_3愎合纳米带 516.2.3LaCoO_：米带的制备 51-526.3结果与讨论 52-556.3.1TG-
16、DT冶析 52-536.3.2 XRD 分析 53 6.3.3 SEM 分析53-546.3.4 EDS分析54-556.4本章小结55-56 第七章LaNiO_3纳米带的制备和表征 56-617.1概述567.2实验部分56 7.2.1前驱体溶胶的制备56 7.2.2静电纺丝技术制备 PVP/La(NO_3)_3+Ni(CH_3COO)_2M 合纳米带 56 7.2.3 LaNiO_3纳米带的制备 56 7.3结果与讨论 56-597.3.1 TG-DTA分析56-577.3.2 XRD 分析 57-587.3.3 SEM 分析 58-597.3.4ED维析59 7.4本章小结59-61 第八章LaAlO_3纳米带的制
