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1、1 / 8 2019 年北京高考二模分类汇编-七选五 1. 2019东城二模 A cultural view on personal space It s a well-known fact that the British prefer a large “bubble ” of personal space around them. 46 And in South America, a friend may grab you by the arm during conversation to make their point. Now, a study published in the Jo
2、urnal of Cross-Cultural Psychology has looked into why different cultures have such different approaches to personal space. 47 They developed an earlier study that divided individuals into “contact ” and “non -contact ” cultures. Contact culturessouthern European, Latin American and Arabianengaged i
3、n more touching and stood closer during conversation than non-contact cultures in northern Europe, North America and parts of Asia. To a degree, this proved correct. Argentina becomes known as the most touchy-feely nation; people here keep the same distance from a stranger as a British person would
4、an acquaintance and a Canadian individual a close friend or partner. 48 They come out with the widest distance you should stand from a stranger more than 1.3mbut one of the narrowest gaps for close friends, just 40cm, compared to nearly 60cm for a British person. So the theory of warm versus cold is
5、 not as straightforward as it sounds. 49 The higher a countrys average temperature, the closer people will stand to a stranger. But older people in warm climates keep a bigger distance from close friends and stand closer to strangers; women generally keep a greater distance from someone they dont kn
6、ow. The academics leading this study admit that there is a lot more to do. But what we do know is to keep your distance in Canada; prepare for a hug in Argentina. 50 They like to stand closer than anybody. To keep warm, perhaps. A. Its important to get the distance right, though. B. Romanians clearl
7、y take longer to establish trust. C. How close we stand to other people varies widely between countries. D. And if you end up on good terms with a Norwegian, dont draw back. E. However, in India people will pack into trains and buses without a second thought. F. One theory the researchers wanted to
8、test was whether climate affects personal space. G. The study certainly found that climate, age and gender have an effect on personal distance across cultures. 2 / 8 2. 2019西城二模 Healthy See, Healthy Do Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you
9、 did not plan to buy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases. The location of store displays (摆放 ) also influences our shopping choices. 46 The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty s
10、nacks. 47 A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example. In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healt
11、hy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods. 48 It has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods. “We know that the stores are full of cues (暗示) meant to encourage consumption,” says Tamar Adjo
12、ian, a research scientist at the department, “Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.” Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their citys crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for
13、their own study. 49 Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks. Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more
14、 than twice as often as those in the standard lines. 5 The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foo
15、ds. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City. A. These foods give people more energy. B. They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often. C. And it may make or break some healthy eating habits. D. The supermarkets be
16、gan to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods. E. These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health. F. They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter. G. And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior. 3 / 8 3. 2019海淀二模 Exam Anxiety Has this ever happened to you? Youve been studying hard for your midterm, but when you walk into
