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1、.,1,Good morning!,.,2,句型第三讲： 简单句 并列句,.,3,.,4,简 单 句,由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子。 其结构是：主语+ 谓语,.,5,简单句的种类,根据使用目的, 句子可分为: 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句,.,6,简单句的六种基本结构,主语不及物动词 主语系动词表语 主语及物动词宾语 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语 （参见 P82 简单句的五种基本句型） There be 主语句型,.,7,1.主语、谓语在人称与数上的一致性。 and连接两个并列主语时为复数，谓语 动词也相应地使用复数形式。 Girl
2、s and boys are going to Beijing tomorrow.,.,8,但以下几种情况例外： (1). 如果and连接的两个名词是不可数 名词且前面都没有冠词。 若两个词表示一个事物或一个概念， 谓语动词要用单数； Tea and milk is my favorite drink. 奶茶是我最爱的饮料。 Thisbreadandbutter is toothick. 这块涂了黄油的面包太厚了。 fish and chips 鱼炸薯条 如果两个词表示的是两个事物或两个概念， 谓语动词则要用复数。,.,9,(2)如果and连接的是两个可数单数名词，前一个有冠词，后一个没有冠词
3、，意味着一个人或事物，谓语动词要用单数。 The singer and dancer is a good student. 这位歌舞演员是位好学生。,.,10,(3)当and连接的两个名词前都有each，every，many a，no等单数概念的限定词修饰时(第二个名词前的修饰词有时可以省略)，谓语动词要用单数。 Many a boy and many a girl has read that novel.,.,11,2.陈述句与疑问句的转换。 3.选择疑问句。 4.反意疑问句。 (1)陈述句+省略问句 (2)祈使句+附加疑问句 (3)反意疑问句的回答,.,12,并 列 句,由并列连词把两个或
4、两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句 (即简单句) 连在一起而构成的句子。 其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句 常用的连词有：and, but, or， not only.but also, neither.nor, either.or,.,13,(二)并列句的考点 (1) 并列连词的选用。 (2) 并列连词与从属连词的区别。,.,14,二.连词的分类,并列连词: 连接两个或两个以上地位平等的词,词组,分句或句子的连词。 从属连词: 连接两个或两个以上的分句(从属关系)，用来引导复杂句中的从属分句(名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句)的连词。,.,15,并 列 连 词 并列连词连接地位平等的词，短
5、语或者句子。常见的并列连词有： (1)表并列关系的： and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。 (2)表选择关系的： or, eitheror等。 (3)表转折关系的：but, while等。 (4)表因果关系的： for, so等。,.,16,就近一致原则 在并列连词 either A or B(或者A或者B) ， A or B (A或者B) ，neither A nor B (既不是A也不是B), not only A but also B (不仅A而且B) ，not A but B (不是A而是B) , 引导两个并列主语A和B： For e
6、xample(例如)： Neither I nor he has finished the homework. 谓语动词与靠近的名词、代词（B）在“人称、数”上一致。另外there be句型，谓语动词be也遵循就近一致原则。,.,17,1. Mary likes music _Tom is found of sports. A. and B. but C. both A and B 2. I failed again, _ I wont give up. A. and B. but C. so 3. This is my first lesson, _ I dont know your nam
7、es. A. and B. but C. so,and : 表对等 “和、并且” but: 表转折 “但是” so: 表因果 “所以”,and, or, but, so 基本用法,.,18,4. Which do you like better, apples, _ pears? A. and B. but C. or 5. Now we have no time _ money. A. so B. and C. or,or: 1. 用于疑问句, 表选择：“或” 2. 用于否定句, 表并列：“和”,.,19,6. Try your best _ youll make more progress
8、. A. and B. but C. or 7. Dont lose heart, _ youll lose all. A. and B. so C. or,and 和 or 都可以在祈使句中使用，区别如下： and： 通常是比较好的结果; or： 则表示不愉快或不理想的结果.,and, or, but, so 基本用法,.,20,8. Its getting warmer _ warmer. A. and B. but C. or 9. He or the twins _ the USA. A. comes from B. come from C. is from 10. Not Tom b
9、ut I _ going to give the talk. A. am B. is C. are,adj.比 + and + adj.比 表示越来越,A or B 和 not A but B 结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用就近原则。,and, or, but, so 特殊用法,.,21,12. Both Peter and I _ going to Guangzhou. A. are B. is C. am 13. Either apples or rice _ Ok. I am hungry. A. are B. is C. / 14. Neither I nor my parents _
10、to tell you the truth. A. wants B. want C. is going to 15. Not only I but also Jane _ sure that well win. A. is B. are C. am,以上结构做主语，除bothand 谓语要用复数外，其余都遵循谓语动词的就近一致原则。,.,22,从属连词 从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有： (1)引导时间状语从句的:after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。 (2)引导条件状语从句的: if（如果）, u
11、nless, as long as 等。 (3)引导原因状语从句的: because, as, since等。 (4)引导目的状语从句的: so that, in order that等。 (5)引导让步状语从句的: though, although, even if等。 (6)引导结果状语从句的: so that, sothat, suchthat等。 (7)引导比较状语从句的: than, asas等。 (8)引导宾语从句的: that, if （是否）, whether等。,.,23,主将从现原则 （在时间状语从句 comes B. will join; comes C. will jo
12、in; will come 3. Nobody knows when the windows _. But Ill tell you when I _ the answer. A. broke; find out B. broken; will find out C. were broken; find out,二、从属连词,从属连词用来引导从句,.,27,4. You wont understand until you _ him. A. meet B. meeting C. will meet 5. You will fail in English _ you work hard. A.
13、because B. unless C. if 6. Just because we are young, _ we should work even harder. A. so B. / C. but 7. It has been seven years since he _ here. A. left B. leaves C. leave,见代词PPTit的特殊用法， 6. 自从以来，已经有（时间）了。 It is / has been + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时),.,28,8. The little boy _ when I came in. A. falls down
14、 B. fell down C. was fell down 9. We were reading when the teacher _ in. A. came B. comes C. is coming 10. He became a doctor when he _the university. A. graduated from B. graduate from C. graduated for,1. 两个动作同时发生,2. A动作在B动作延续的时间内发生,3. A动作在B动作之后发生,.,29,11. Tom works in a hospital _ Mary works in a
15、company. A. because B. until C. while 12. While his mother was washing, he _ his homework. A. do B. did C. was doing 13. The little boy fell asleep while he _ the music. A. was listen B. was listening to C. listened to,1. 表示对比，“然而，而”,2. 表示“当的时候”。 两个动词同时发生。必须使用延续性动词。,.,30,14. Although I have passed the exam, _ I am not pleased with the result. A. and B. but C. /,although 和 but 不能同时出现。 because 和 so 不能同时出现。,.,31,【例1】 Neither he nor I_from Canada. We are from Australia.2002，山西 A.is B.are C.am D.be,典型例题解析,C,【例2】 There is a lot of_
