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1、.,1,SubjunctiveMood,.,2,虚拟语气的主要内容,一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气 时态一致 2. 混合条件句 3. 含蓄条件句 4. 倒装句 5. If only 感叹 二、名词性从句的虚拟语气： 宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式 wish、as if/though、would rather、Its time Its necessary/strange/natural/inportant+that从句,陈述语气陈述事实或提出看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式 I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack
2、 hadnt come back home yet. 祈使语气 请求,邀请, 命令,警告或劝告等Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,一. 语气的分类,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,.,5,虚拟语气,一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：,虚拟
3、语气在 在条件从句中,.,6,虚拟语气,3、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment If you had come a few minutes earl
4、ier, you would have met him.,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,Had you come a few.,2.含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如： But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。 The change could not have taken place without the open-door poli
5、cy. 没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。 I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。,.,8,3. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。 主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command 四个建议：advise, suggest, propose,recommend 六个要求：demand , require, request, desire,ask,urge,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法
6、。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom have a rest.,He insisted that I (should )be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,注
7、意:insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气 表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; 表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。 表“建议”，虚拟, should + do; 表“表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we _ more after class. （我们课后多练习） The look on her face suggested that she _happy He insisted that all of us _there on time by any means. （我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿） He
8、insisted that he _ the wallet(没有偷钱包).,insist,suggest,(should) practise,was,should be,Hadnt stolen,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 即：(should)V. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should
9、come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,二：虚拟语气特殊句型：,wish 的宾语从句,现在： 过去： 将来：,过去时（did/were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V. should,I wish I were a bird.（现在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去） We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）,a
10、s if, as though 引起的从句，其用法同 wish 构成的宾语从句一样,As if/though和wish用法相同,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,2. would rather
11、(that),现在： 过去： 将来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3.Its (about/high) time +(that),should +V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you should
12、go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,(Should不可省略),4. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形,It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that
13、 we should study hard.,5. If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,.,19,3、含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是
14、：but for, without, otherwise等。如： But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。 The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。 I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。,.,20,2、
15、错综时间的虚拟句 通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式. 1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。 2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。 3. If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years, things w
16、ouldnt be going so smoothly. （从句指过去，主句指现在）。 4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。 5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）,.,21,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 2.It was the drug，not
