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1、Lesson 1,Pub Talk and the Kings English,1,The conversation had swung from Australian convicts of the 19th century to the English peasants of the 12th century. Who was right, who was wrong, did not matter. The conversation was on wings.metaphor As we listen today to the arguments about bilingual educ
2、ation, we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. metaphor I have an unending love affair with dictionaries-Auden once said that all a writer needs is a pen, plenty of paper and the best dictionaries he can afford-but I agree with the person who said that dictionaries are
3、instruments of common sense. metaphor Even with the most educated and the most literate, the Kings English slips and slides in conversation. alliteration Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the great minds are supposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th century Pari
4、s, but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judging the quality of the food and the wine. synecdoche Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely. metaphor Lesson 3 Inaugural Address Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alik
5、e, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,
6、and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.alliteration Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure,2,the survival and the success of libertyparallelism Un
7、ited, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.antithesis in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.metaphor If a free s
8、ociety cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. antithesis,Lesson 4 Love Is a Fallacy Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dreams Children.metaphor Read,
9、then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.metaphor, hyperbole She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.
10、metonymy Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.antithesis It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. Take, for example, Petey Butch, my roommate at the University of Minnesota. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. hyperbole, simile One more ch
11、ance, I decided. But just one more. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. synecdoche Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.metaphor, extended metaphor 1 may do better than that, I said with a mysterious
12、 wink and closed my bag and left. transferred epithet 9,3,Lesson 5 The Sad Young Men The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave
13、 denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting ”sheik”, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper” and the “drug-store cowboy”.transferred epithet War o
14、r no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.metaphor The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916, the increasing insolen
15、ce of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist u
16、nder foreign flags.metonymy Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it), by the movies and magazines (which made it attractively naughty while pretending to denounce it), and by advertising (which obliquely encouraged it by selling everything from cigarettes to automobiles with the implied promise that their owners would be rendered sexually irresistible).metonymy Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbl
