人教版新目标初二英语八年级上册期中期末复习知识点归纳

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1、Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? Activities : (写出动词过去式) go on vacation 去度假be on vacation 度假stay at home 待在家里go to the mountains 去爬山 go to the beach 去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp 去参观夏令营 quite a few 相当多study for 为 而学习go out 出去most of the time 大部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃have a good time 玩得高兴of

2、course 当然 feel like 给 的感觉;感受到feel like doing sth go shopping 去购物in the past 在过去walk around 四处走走because of 因为 one bowl of 一碗 the next day 第二天drink tea 喝茶find out 找出;查明go on 继续 take photos 照相something important 重要的事up and down 上上下下come up 出来 不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, fe

3、w, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等, 以及由some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即 somebody, anyone, nothing 等 )。在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、 宾语、表语或定语, 但是代词none 以及由some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而no 和 every 则只用作定语。 复合不定代词:由some,any,no,every 加上 -body,-on

4、e,-thing 构成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词。 somebody = someone 某人something 某物,某事 anybody = anyone 任何人anything 什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物 nobody = no one 没有人,不重要的人nothing 没有东西,什么也没有; 不重要的人或事 everybody = everyone 每人 ,人人 ,所有人everything 每一个事物,一切 词组: for nothing(徒劳,没有好结果,免费) ,nothing but(仅仅,只不过) , It s nothing. (不用谢,不必在意) anybody

5、else(别人 ) ( 1)复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语和表语,而不能作定语。 Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。(作主语) I have nothing to say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。 (作宾语) Thats nothing.没什么。(作表语) ( 2)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ( 3) 代替与 -thing构成的复合不定代词,用 it; 代替与 -body, -one构成的复合不定代词,一般用 they , 在正式文体中可用he 。 如: Everyone knows what they have to

6、 do, dont they? Everyone knows what he has to do, doesn t he ?每个人都知道他必须做什么,不是吗? ( 2)something 和 anything 的区别与some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定 句 、疑问句 或条件状语从句中。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。(肯定句) Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。(肯定句) Has anything happened ?出什么事了吗?(疑问句) We

7、cant decide anything now.我们现在不能作什么决定。(否定句) If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。(条件状语从句) ( 3)复合不定代词被定语所修饰时,形容词 或不定式等 其他定语则须放在它们的后面。 There is nothingwrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。(形容词) This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。(形容词) Is there anythingimportant in todays newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗?(形

8、容词) Do you want anythingto drink ?你想喝点什么吗? If there is anythingI can do for you , please tell me.如果有什么我能帮你的,请告诉我。 除与 -thing构成的复合不定代词外,即everyone、everybody、someone,somebody都有所有 格形式; 当其后有 else 时,s要加在 else 后面。如: That must be somebody else scoat; it isnt mine. 那一定是别人的外衣,不是我的。 everyone=everybody, anyone=a

9、nybody, 只指人,不能与 of 短语连用; every one, any one可指人也可指物,一定要与of 连用才可以。如: Is anybody here? 有人吗? You can take any one of these.你可以随便拿一个。 与 some-,any- 构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代 词一般用于 否定句或疑问句中, not any- 构成完全否定,但没有any- not 的说法;与some- 构成 的复合不定代词用于肯定句 、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议 或 请求的疑问句中 【巧记复合代词分合】:分合皆能单独用,

10、后加of 合不成。 【巧学不定代词】:不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏;单数动词作谓语,何时何地都一样。 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj. 看起来 smell 闻起来sound 听起来feel 感觉起来 taste deliciouslook beautiful smell terrible sound wonderful feel comfortable /tired / bored/ nothingbut+动词原形除了 之外什么都没有 seem+(to be)+ adj. 看起来 No one

11、seemed to be bored. seem to do sth. arrive in+ 大地点/ arrive at+小地点到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 / forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事

12、stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事keep on doing sth. 反复做某事有小停歇 Why not do. sth.? 为什么不做 呢? so+adj.+that+ 从句如此 以至于 it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth 对某人来说做怎么样 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人(不要)做某事 want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人(不要)做某事 1.anywhere 与 somewher

13、e 两者都是anywhere 在任何地方, 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can t find it anywhere. somewhere 在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句。I lost my key somewhere near here. 2. seem + 形容词看起来,. You seem happy today. seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 从句看起来好像 , ;似乎,. It seems that no one believe you. seem like , .好像,似乎,. I

14、t seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事They decide to visit the museum. decide + 疑问词+ 动词不定式He can not decide when to leave. 4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始,可与begin 互换。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin . 1)创办,开办:He started a new bllkshop last month. 2)机器开动:I can t sta

15、rt my car. 3)出发,动身:I will start tomorrow morning. 5. over 介词,多于,超过,在, 以上(表示数目、程度)= more than My father is over 40 years old. 在, 之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与under 相反。There is a map over the blackboard. 超过:I hear the news over the radio. 遍及:I want to travel all over the world. 6. too many 太多,后接可数名词复数:Mother bought

16、too many eggs yesterday. too much 太多,修饰不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much. Much too 太,修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast. 分辨三者的口诀:too much, much too, 用法区别看后头:much 后接不可数,too 后修饰形或副。 too many 要记住,后面名词必复数。 7. because of 介词短语,因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。 He can t take a walk because of the rain. because 连词,因为,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。 I don t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. Unit2 How oft

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