《高考英语虚拟语气练习及详解（2020年10月整理）.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语虚拟语气练习及详解（2020年10月整理）.pdf（7页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 1 虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be 动词的 过去式用 were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如： If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. （2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓 语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have
2、+过去分词”。如： If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. （3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或 should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用 would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如； If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形 式要根据它所表示的
3、时间作相应调整。如： If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式： 条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实相 反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过 去分词 与现在事实相 反 一般过去时(be 用 were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与将来事实相 反 一般过去时或 should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/
4、might + 动词原形 有时侯在使用时可省略 if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如： Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 “wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望， 译为“要是就好了”等。 表示现在不能实 现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去
5、时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词 用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去 分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. 在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词 suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order
6、 等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 should + 动词原形或是动词原形。 如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. 2 （2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。 作表示建议、 要求、 命令等的名词 advise、 idea、 order、 demand、 plan、 proposal、 suggestion、 request 等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如： His suggestion that
7、we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful. My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars. （3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。 在主语从句中， 谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构， 表示惊奇、 不相信、 理应如此等。如： It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that yo
8、u should be so careless. It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟 语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that 从句也可用陈述句语气。如： It is pity that you cant swim. 3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用 （1）虚拟语气在 as if/as though、even
9、 if/even though 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中， 如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状 况则用过去将来时。如： He did it as if he were an expert. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. （2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。 这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时 (be 用 were)或 should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该”。如： Its time that
10、I picked up my daughter. Its high time we were going. （3）虚拟语气用在 if only 引导的感叹句中。如： If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice. （4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉， 常出现在日常会话中。如： It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to close the doo
11、r? 用于一些习惯表达法中。如： Would you like a cup of tea? I would rather not tell you. 二、精典名题导解 选择填空 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (NMET 95) A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 解析：答案为 C。本题考查的是 as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if 引导的 状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚
12、拟语气。题中“当铅笔 的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分 3 陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用 were broken。 2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94) A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 解析：答案为 D。本题考查的是 if 条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到 你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代
13、了虚拟语气的时态是 一般过去时的虚拟，所以 if 从句中用 had+过去分词。 3. If he _, he _that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93) A.was warned; would not take B.had been warned; would not have taken C.would be warned; had not taken D.would have been warned; had not taken 解析： 答案为 B。 本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反
14、时虚拟语气的用法。 根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选 B。 虚拟语气虚拟语气 1I enjoyed the movie very muchI wish I the book from which it was made Ahave read Bhad read Cshould have read Dam reading 2You are lateIf you a few minutes earlier,you him Acame；Would meetBhad come；Would have met Ccome；Will meet Dhad come；wou
15、ld meet 3I cant stand himHe always talks as though he everything Aknew Bknows Chas know Dhad known 4His doctor suggested that he short trip abroad Awill take Bwould take Ctake Dtook 5We might have failed if you us a helping hand Ahave not given Bwould not give Chad not given Ddid not give 6The law r
16、equires that everyrone his car checked at least once a month Ahas Bhave Chad Dwill have 7He was busy yesterday，otherwise he to the meeting Awould come Bwould have been Ccould have been Dwould be 8If there were no subjunctive mood，English much easier Awill be Bwould have been Ccould have been Dwould be 9 the fog，we should have r
