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1、- 1 - A General Model for Clustered Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Fu Luoyi1, FENG Ping2, WANG Xinbing2* (1. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ShangHai 200240; 2. Department of Electronic Engineering, Shang Hai Jiao Tong University, ShangHai 200240) Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the h
2、eterogeneity of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in detail, including the hardware and software heterogeneity. To meet the demands of factual applications for heterogeneous WSNs (HWSNs) models, we propose an application-oriented model with multi-type of sensor nodes, which considers the sensing, comp
3、utation, communication and energy heterogeneity. Additionally, a function of optimal number of clusters is obtained as well through modeling and analyzing the energy consumption of this clustered HWSNs model, which would generalize the most of investigated clustered HWSNs models. Furthermore, the nu
4、merical analysis and simulation about the relationship between the number of clusters and network lifetime show that different number of clusters will affect the lifetime of networks obviously, and the optimal number of cluster heads maximizes the network lifetime. More importantly, this function of
5、 optimal number of clusters and the proposed clustered HWSNs model will provide guidance for designing the energy efficient clustered protocols and establish a bridge between the homogeneous and inhomogeneous WSNs. Keywords:wireless sensor networks; heterogeneity; clustering; energy efficiency 0 Int
6、roduction As a new paradigm of information acquisition and processing in the field of wireless communications, WSNs have attracted increasing attentions, both in academia and industry 1. WSNs are application-oriented so that they have been regarded as one of the potentially core techniques for the i
7、nternet of things (IoT) 2. However, the mainly investigated works on WSNs can not reach the requirements of factual applications due to the homogeneous research background. Fortunately, most of the hot spots on WSNs have been focused on the heterogeneous architecture 3,4. Comparing with homogeneous
8、WSNs, HWSNs consist of different types of sensor nodes with different capabilities in sensing, computation, communication and initial energy setting 5,6, which can generalize the most of application scenarios and as well as meet the demands of various applications. However, there are many key proble
9、ms unsolved till now, how to model the heterogeneous networks and what are the efficient analysis methods for HWSNs are among them. According to the characters of architecture in senor nodes and the forms of networking, we summarize four common types of heterogeneity in HWSNs: sensing heterogeneity,
10、 computation Heterogeneity, communication heterogeneity and energy heterogeneity. The sensing heterogeneity includes: (1) different sensing ranges 6; (2) different types of sensed data with varied sizes of data packets. The computation heterogeneity includes: (1) data storage heterogeneity; (2) data
11、 compression heterogeneity; (3) data processing heterogeneity. The communication heterogeneity includes: (1) transmission rate heterogeneity; (2) link heterogeneity 5; (3) communication range heterogeneity. Energy heterogeneity is common in the application-oriented WSNs mainly due to the two points:
12、 (1) the varied initial energy settings. (2) the different energy consumption rates in senor nodes for the differences of applications, protocols, and as well as the sensing, computation and communication heterogeneity. In this paper, we investigate the heterogeneity of sensor networks in detail to
13、better - 2 - understand the HWSNs. Based on the researches on the models of homogeneous WSNs and especially the applications in the scenarios of multi-target and multi-task heterogeneous systems, a typical application-oriented clustered HWSNs model with multi-type of heterogeneous nodes is proposed,
14、 in which the different settings of sensing ability, communication ability, computation ability and energy are considered. Through the modeling and analysis of the clustered heterogeneous networks, the relationship between the homogeneous WSNs and HWSNs under clustering scheme is established, which
15、shows that homogeneous WSNs is just a special case in HWSNs and the proposed model can generalize the varied heterogeneous models discussed in the most recent typical references. To track and optimize the energy consumption in the clustered HWSNs, the energy consumption in the proposed HWSNs model i
16、s analyzed and the optimal number of clusters for clustered HWSNs is also obtained. In addition, the numerical analysis and simulation of clustered HWSNs indicate that the function of optimal number of clusters is affected by the varied heterogeneity parameters and the optimal number of cluster heads will prolong the lifetime of networks effectively. The rest structure of this paper is organized as follows. In Section II, related researches are outlined. In Section III, the system
