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1、1,句子的基本结构,2,句子种类两种分类法,按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）： He is six years old. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys. Dont talk in class 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!,3,按句子的结构可分三种：,1) 简单句 2) 并列句 3) 复合句,4,1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He
2、 often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,5,我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。 He worked hard all his life. He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School.,6
3、,2) 并列句： 句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous.,7,并列句的分类,1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。 e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is J
4、ohn. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.,8,3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, yet, while等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for ri
5、ce harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.,9,3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。 从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句） 定语从句和状语从句等。 句型 主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.,10,复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分
6、。 Where there is a will, there is a way.,11,Exercises 判断句型,1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother. 2. What he says doesnt suit what he does.,(简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子),(复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句),12,3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afte
7、rnoon. 4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?,简单句,复合句,简单句,13,6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home
8、at seven in the evening.,并列句,复合句,简单句,14,9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? 11. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,简单句,15,句子成分和句子结构,16,简单句的五个基本句型 主语 不及物动词 She came. 主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English. 主语 系动词 主语补语 Sh
9、e is happy 主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 She gave John a book She bought a book for me. 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage. （ There +be There is a book on the desk.,17,1. 主语（subject）：句子的中心词，说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years i
10、s a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,18,(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an
11、 old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.,19,2.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B
12、. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon,20,3. 表语（predicati
13、ve）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） You dont look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）,21,（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, l
14、ook（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.,22,(三) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired.
15、 Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.,23,4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） I enjoy working with you. （动
16、名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）,24,2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money,25,(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the st
